During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, China's development environment faces profound and complex changes, and cultivating emerging and future industries becomes key to accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system and achieving high-quality development in the country. The development of emerging industries is now in a period where strategic opportunities and risks coexist, with an increasing number of unpredictable factors. Specifically, the security of core technologies, resilience of industrial and supply chains, the international market, and strategic resources are all facing severe challenges. Based on a national security perspective, this study focuses on major issues that affect the security of strategic emerging industries. It analyzes how changes in the global power structure, intensified competition in cutting-edge fields, and rapid growth of the digital economy impact industry security. It also examines the security situation and challenges faced by China's emerging industries from both their own development capabilities and the international industrial environment. Considering the demand for security in high-quality national development, this study analyzes the system logic of the security of emerging industries from three dimensions: strategic guidance, major power competition, and industrial growth. Furthermore, it proposes the concept, characteristics, and an integrated "strategy-technology-ecosystem-market" framework, offering ideas to improve the security and resilience of emerging industries and supporting their high-quality development.