The concept of energy 4.0， which adapts to industry 4.0 is proposed in this work. Its main feature is that it combines the wind energy， solar energy， nuclear energy and other fossil energies which are energy providers with the high-energy-consuming industries such as electrolytic aluminum， chlorine alkali， large-scale desalination of sea water， hydrogen， clean coal， coal chemical and metallurgy industries by the internet of things. This energy & industry internet is a high efficiency， low cost， sustainable， and regulatory network. energy 4.0 will play an important role in industry upgrading and economic restructuring.
This paper brings forward a new concept of “smart load” in accordance with China’s national conditions. It is the internet of things that combines the smart load with smart grid to constitute the “non-grid-connected multi-energy complementary smart grid system”. The core of the system is to transform a large number of energy-intensive industries in China into the “smart loads” that can be adapted to wind power and other renewable energy and huge fluctuations in grid output power through necessary technological innovation，thus providing Chinese government with a new path that can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of power grid and power generation equipment as well as take full advantage of high-efficient and low-cost renewable energy such as wind power pursuant to China’s national conditions.
In according with the volatility of renewable energy such as wind power in China，large-scale of which cannot be consumption by grid，the non-grid-connected wind power theory is proposed in this paper.The high energy consumption load is transformed into smart load which can adapt to the fluctuation of energy，greatly improve the utilization of renewable energy.The paper discuss the essence and connotation of non-grid-connected wind power?theory，and the?application of non-grid-connected wind power theory，for China’s?energy saving and emission reduction，proposed?a new path to improve the utilization rate of network efficiency and renewable energy.
This paper analyses the three modes of?use of wind power，and detailedly elaborates the non-grid-connected wind power theory，discusses the?wind power and other renewable energy through the multi energy cooperative power supply applied to high energy consuming industries，namely the connotation of non-grid-connected wind power.And it discusses the relationship between distributed generation and non-grid-connected wind power theory. As distributed generations is a form of non-grid-connected wind power，the non-grid-connected wind power and the existing?power system will build a perfect framework of power system.
This paper researched the key technology of remote intelligent condition monitoring and diagnostic system for wind turbines, and described the development details of a system. The system, adopted the distributed architecture, consisted of four subsystems, which were the data acquisition subsystem, the real time data storage subsystem, the intelligent monitoring and diagnosis subsystem and the user interface subsystem. The intelligent monitoring and diagnosis subsystem used the knowledge base/inference engine structure. An advanced fuzzy expert system is developed for inference engine, and the vibration fault diagnosis rules for wind turbine is stored in the knowledge base. The effectiveness of the system is verified by diagnosing simulated wind turbine faults.
By the end of 2013，the new capacity of wind power is 16.1 GW，and the total installed capacity is 91.42 GW，to maintain global leadership，but a lot of wind turbines are not integrated into grid at present which is the outstanding problem. Non-grid-connected wind power system means that the terminal load is no longer a single traditional grid，but can be directly applied to a series of high energy-consuming industries and other special areas which adapt to the characteristics of wind power. Based on many preliminary investigations，the demonstration project of wind power water electrolysis hydrogen production system （120 Nm3/d） was built using a 30 kW wind turbine and a 10 kW wind turbine in Dafeng City，Jiangsu Province. The power supply system for hydrogen production is based on non-grid-connected wind power mode. Wind power is connected to the power grid but not integrated into power grid，and seamlessly complement wind power with grid power，which gets to 100 % utilization of wind power. The results reveal the coupling laws between large-scale non-grid-connected wind power and water electrolysis process.
To alleviate the current situation of our country for lack of fresh water， seawater desalination has become a major research direction. According to traditional desalination is high energy-consuming industries， and uses conventional energy， which could easily lead to secondary pollution for environment， a seawater desalination system using non-grid-connected multi-energy collaborative supply is proposed in this article. The system bases on non-grid-connected theory， wind， light， tidal and other green energy is utilized to power seawater desalination system， which can improve the efficiency of energy use and achieve zero emissions of carbon dioxide. The system possesses good social and economic benefits. This paper designs and develops a?set of?single blower?daily?million tons of?seawater desalination system， using a?2.5 MW?wind turbines of this?system?for seawater desalination?and power supply system，?based on the theory of?non-grid-connected wind power，?achieving?high efficiency and low cost，?full?utilization.
The equipments of large-scale non-grid-connected wind power should be cleaned and properly treated to protect corrosion as pretreatment and make preparations for painting later. It is necessary， especially for metal structures. In this paper， the methods of cleaning， rinsing and treating metal parts would be studied. And some products would be introduced to clean and protect the parts.
The paper proposes to apply one new technology base on the research results of “973” project of non-grid-connected wind power to gain freshwater in some areas （such as Gansu Province） which is shortage of freshwater resources，but rich in Brackish water. Then，efficiency advantages of the new technology are analyzed from the perspective of energy consumption and energy conservation. Some suggestions about this application of large-scale technology were put forward.
Global carbon dioxide emissions pressure gives a good development opportunity for hydrogen energy， and it also accelerates the development of hydrogen energy technology. The water decomposition is the main direction of hydrogen production technology， but it needs huge electricity energy consumption. In order to reduce the cost of hydrogen energy， the water decomposition should rely on other clean energy such as solar energy， wind energy. For the wind intermittent fluctuation and non-grid-connected features， the paper explores the development and utilization of rich wind energy resources in the Yellow Sea radial sand ridges， and proposes the hydrogen production technology based on non-grid-connected wind power. The application mode and ways of hydrogen energy in green traffic are analyzed for expanding the comprehensive development of wind power resources， hydrogen energy and green transportation.
Wind energy is abundant （especially in coastal areas） that provides large space for wind power development. The application of large scale non-grid-connected wind power is one of the ways to multi-directional developing wind power. This paper analyzes the distribution and exploitation of wind resource in Jiangsu coastal areas，studies on industrial chain of “applying non-grid-connected wind power to high energy consumption industries” under the instruction of non-grid-connected wind power theory，and puts forward some suggestions for constructing industrial bases of non-grid-connected wind power in Jiangsu coastal areas.
The index system is divided into two levels： the first level includes macro index groups in four aspects， respectively reflecting the characteristics of economy， society， environment， and random fluctuation of wind power； the second level reflects specific index construction of each macro index group in the first level. The weight of an index at each level in index system is eventually determined by level analysis through classifying each index， establishing a multi-level structure， building a paired comparison matrix， and through many rounds of comprehensive analysis in accordance with CR testing. The method and the process of weight determination is objective， rigorous， and scientific. A comprehensive evaluation model is built according to the intrinsic link between indexes， and finally， a scientific， reasonable， and improved system of comprehensive index evaluation is formed. The index system shall observe combination of the current interests with long-term interests， economic， and ecological benefits with social benefits and static analysis with dynamic analysis and take account of guidance， systematic， scientific and adaptive principles in the process of its establishment.
Finance and taxation policy is an important?means to promote the development of new energy resowrces.The US and other developed countries have accumulated?rich experience in the use of finance and taxation policy to support the development of new energy resowrces. China has developed the new energy resowrces for a short time. The related finance and taxation policy is still not perfect，so it needs to draw on the useful experience of foreign countries to further improve the finance and taxation policy system of new energy resowrces，promote development of the new energy resowrces.
In this paper， the ways of investment and financing of non-grid-connected wind power system was studied. Firstly expounds the wind power investment and financing. Secondly， the development of non-grid-connected wind power system was introduced. Then the available investment and financing methods on non-grid-connected wind power system was analyzed， to actively promote the development of this industry. Finally the article also mentioned the problems faced of non-grid-connected wind power system and gave relevant suggestions.
The wind power which could be developed is abundant in China. Developing the wind power efficiently will be able to ease energy supply pressure and the environmental pressure. Developing the wind power must be proceeded from China’s actual conditions. Based on technical innovation and financial innovation， Chinese wind power development type could be changed. With the state technical “973” plan support， the non-grid-connected wind power theory is used for developing wind power with Chinese characteristics.
At present, China is vigorously promoting the development of distributed energy, in the background, learning from foreign experience in the development of distributed energy can contribute to the development of distributed energy in China. The paper reviews goals, practice and related policies of distributed energy development in the United States, Germany and Japan, respectively. Then the paper summarizes five enlightenments: the establishment of rules; the set of goals; the reform of power system; the establishment of grid standards; the establishment of economy prompting policies.
From the perspective of industrial chain， the related links of wind power equipment industry in our country is analyzed， including components manufacturing， machine assembling and operation service. And the strategic pattern of business model is discussed based on PEST analysis .The concept of business model innovation design includes segment type， contraction type， integration type and extended type. Finally， the suggestions are put forward to guarantee the business model innovation of wind power equipment industry in our country.
With the rapid growth of automobile consumption and lack of oil resources， it is an important measure to solve the problem of vehicle fuel by using hydrogen energy. In China， we have built a non-grid-connected wind power hydrogen demonstration project in Jiangsu coast. And the government has planned the transport corridor construction along thousands of miles along Huaihe River. The research shows that Huaihe river ecological economic zone development of hydrogen highway has strengths， weaknesses， opportunities and threats by SWOT method. Finally， the research puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions the on the development of hydrogen highway.
In this paper，taking an annual output of 1×109 m3 coal to substitute natural gas(SNG) as an example，Shell coal gasification technology was used to produce synthesis gas. The equipment investment of air separation system（ASU），water gas shift system（WGS），wind power plant（WP） and electrolyzed water system（EWS） was compared between traditional coal-to-SNG and wind/coal SNG. The oxygen consumption，water steam consumption，electricity consumption and CO2 emission were also analyzed. Results show that although the investment of WP and EWS replacing the ASU and WGS is huge， its average annual operating cost（equipment investment，raw materials，power consumption） is lower，and CO2 emission is only 1.3 % of the traditional coal-to-SNG technology. This paper provides a reference for the development of coal-to-SNG industry.
It is predicted that the population of China will be growing to 1.45 billion， the urbanization rate will be 70 % by 2030， the total urban population will be exploded to 1 billion comparing with 0.7 billion urban population of 2013. As the continuously growing of population of China and urban population， China will face severe food crisis， especially the protein shortage problem in future. This paper presents a new theoretical model that by combining non-grid-connected wind power and coal to gas with bioengineering to produce single cell protein to contribute to resolving the food crisis. By combining non-grid-connected wind power and coal to gas with bioengineering to produce single cell protein can not only use the coal resource more efficiently， environmental friendly， but also produce nutrient rich protein for forage and human food.
This Issue
Mar 2015, Volume 17 Issue 3