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《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第19卷 第12期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.018

纤维膜在机械压力下由不透明到透明的转变

a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
b Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
c State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

收稿日期: 2020-07-31 修回日期: 2021-01-08 录用日期: 2021-02-06 发布日期: 2021-05-21

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摘要

智能可穿戴设备、电子皮肤、空气过滤和组织工程等领域,对透明薄膜材料或基材的需求很大。传统透明材料,如玻璃、塑料等,由于缺乏相互连通的孔道、不理想的孔隙率和柔性,不能满足这些新兴领域的要求。静电纺丝纤维膜因其具有小孔径、高孔隙率和良好的柔性等优点可以弥补传统材料的不足,因此,开发透明的静电纺丝纤维膜具有重大的价值。本文报道了一种简单有效的方法,在不使用任何其他添加剂的情况下,通过机械压力,直接将静电纺丝纤维膜制备成柔性的、有孔的透明纤维膜材料。同时,首次总结了压制后聚合物的透明度性能与分子结构之间的关系。经过机械压力处理后,纤维膜仍可以保持纤维形态、微米级孔道和一定的孔隙率。以聚苯乙烯静电纺丝纤维膜为例,所制备的透明聚苯乙烯纤维膜具有优异的光学性能和机械性能。透明纤维膜可实现高透光率(≈89%,可见光波长在550 nm处)、大孔隙率(10%~30%)和强的机械拉伸强度(≈148 MPa),该拉伸强度约为初始静电纺丝纤维膜的78倍。此外,本文基于透明纤维膜,利用真空辅助抽滤银纳米线和机械压力作用,制备出透明的导电纤维膜材料。与氧化铟锡导电薄膜相比,我们所制备的透明导电纤维膜展示出良好的导电性(9 Ω·sq-1,78%的透光率)和优异的机械性能(可承受大量的弯曲应力)。

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