[ 1 ] Zhu Qing,Li Yuan,Tor Y K.Directing vehicles in complex urban environment: 3D dynamic emergency routing [ J] .GIM Interna- tional,2006 ,( 6 ) :14 -15

[ 2 ] COVA T J,Johnson J P.A Network flow model for lane -based e- vacuation routing [ J] .Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,2003 ,37 ( 7 ) :579 -604 链接1

[ 3 ] 李德仁,李清泉,杨必胜,等.3S技术与智能交通[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2008,4(33):331-336 链接1

[ 4 ] Guo Bo.A Feature -Based Linear Data Model Supported by Tem- poral Dynamic Segmentation [ D ] . Kansa: University of Kansa,2001

[ 5 ] Miller H J, Shaw S L.GIS -T Data Models,Geographic Infor - mation Systems for Transportation: Principles and Applications [ M] .Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001

[ 6 ] 朱庄生,万德钧,王庆,等.GPS车辆监控系统存在问题的探讨及解决方案[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(9):49-54 链接1

[ 7 ] Tanaka Jiro, Hirano kazoo, Nobuta Hiroaki, et al.Navigation sys- tem with map -matching method [ A] .1990 SAE International Congress and Exposition[ C] .Detroit, M I, USA.1990.45 -50

[ 8 ] White Christopher E, Bernstein David, Kornhauser Alain L.Some map matching algorithms for personal navigation assistants [ J ] . Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies.2000 ,8 ( 1 ) : 91 -108 链接1

[ 9 ] 朱庄生.面向导航的GIS/UPDR地图匹配理论与应用[D].南京:东南大学,2004

[10] 谢远长,李旭宏,范颖玲.交通管制条件下城市道路网络模型及分配算法研究[J].公路交通科技.2004,21(2):84-87 链接1

[11] Papageorgiou M.Some remarks on macroscopic traffic flow mod- eling [ J] .Transpn Res,1998 , 32A( 5 ) : 323 -329 链接1

[12] Wu Zheng.Hydromechanical model of mixed and low speed met- ropolitan transportation [ J ] .Acta Mechanica Sinica, 1994 , 26 ( 2 ) :149 -157

[13] Karam K.Modeling traffic’ s flow -density relation: accommoda- tion of multiple flow regimes and traveler types [ J] .Transprota- tion, 2001 , 28 ( 4 ) : 363 -374