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Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs

Nannan GUO, Ming C. LEU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第3期   页码 215-243 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0248-8

摘要：

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for more than 20 years. Rather than removing materials, AM processes make three-dimensional parts directly from CAD models by adding materials layer by layer, offering the beneficial ability to build parts with geometric and material complexities that could not be produced by subtractive manufacturing processes. Through intensive research over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative AM processes, as well as numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy and other fields. This paper reviews the main processes, materials and applications of the current AM technology and presents future research needs for this technology.

关键词： additive manufacturing (AM)     AM processes     AM materials     AM applications    

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typical dissolved black carbons and their influence on the formation of disinfection by-products in chlor(am

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1585-9

摘要：

● The physicochemical and structural properties of DBC were characterized.

关键词： Dissolved black carbon (DBC)     Chlorine     Chloramine     Disinfection by-products (DBPs)     Disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPFP)    

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Solution properties and self-association of multi-blocks like copolymer P(AM/AA) prepared by template

ZHANG Yuxi, WU Feipeng, LI Miaozhen, WANG Erjian

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 68-71 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0014-8

摘要： The association and properties of multi-block like copolymers (TP) of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) prepared by template copolymerization in aqueous solution were studied. The results showed that the copolymers of this type exhibited a significant structure effect compared with that of similar random copolymers (CP) obtained by copolymerization in the absence of template. Decreasing the value of pH or adding Ca ion to the copolymer solution will make phase separation occur. The TEM images demonstrated that the phase separation caused by Ca ion was due to the formation of extensively intermolecular cross-linking. With the increase of the pH value of copolymer solution, the changes of the solution viscosity was similar with that of homopolyacrylic acid, which originally increased and then decreased. But the increase range of template copolymer was higher than that of homopolyacrylic acid. TEM images indicated that at the maximal viscosity the copolymer obtained in the presence of template formed coiled aggregates.

关键词： aqueous solution     homopolyacrylic     copolymer solution     significant structure     presence    

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Emerging electrochemical processes for materials recovery from wastewater: Mechanisms and prospects

Lingchen Kong, Xitong Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1269-2

摘要： Abstract • Mechanisms for selective recovery of materials in electrochemical processes are discussed. • Wastewaters that contain recoverable materials are reviewed. • Application prospects are discussed from both technical and non-technical aspects. Recovering valuable materials from waste streams is critical to the transition to a circular economy with reduced environmental damages caused by resource extraction activities. Municipal and industrial wastewaters contain a variety of materials, such as nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), lithium, and rare earth elements, which can be recovered as value-added products. Owing to their modularity, convenient operation and control, and the non-requirement of chemical dosage, electrochemical technologies offer a great promise for resource recovery in small-scale, decentralized systems. Here, we review three emerging electrochemical technologies for materials recovery applications: electrosorption based on carbonaceous and intercalation electrodes, electrochemical redox processes, and electrochemically induced precipitation. We highlight the mechanisms for achieving selective materials recovery in these processes. We also present an overview of the advantages and limitations of these technologies, as well as the key challenges that need to be overcome for their deployment in real-world systems to achieve cost-effective and sustainable materials recovery.

关键词： Materials recovery     Electrosorption     Capacitive deionization     Redox processes     Electrochemical precipitation    

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什么才是做出最佳基础设施投资的依据？经济因素？恢复力？或二者皆是？

David Singleton AM

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第2期   页码 180-181 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.04.001

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and the major regulators

Li XUE, Ertao WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 296-306 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020347

摘要：

Plants growing in natural soils encounter diverse biotic and abiotic stresses and have adapted with sophisticated strategies to deal with complex environments such as changing root system structure, evoking biochemical responses and recruiting microbial partners. Under selection pressure, plants and their associated microorganisms assemble into a functional entity known as a holobiont. The commonest cooperative interaction is between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. About 80% of terrestrial plants can form AM symbiosis with the ancient phylum Glomeromycota. A very large network of extraradical and intraradical mycelium of AM fungi connects the underground biota and the nearby carbon and nutrient fluxes. Here, we discuss recent progress on the regulators of AM associations with plants, AM fungi and their surrounding environments, and explore further mechanistic insights.

关键词： AM symbiosis     signal     regulators     nutrients     phosphate     microbiota    

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A new approach for scheduling of multipurpose batch processes with unlimited intermediate storage policy

Nikolaos Rakovitis, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Liping Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 784-802 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1858-4

摘要： The increasing demand of goods, the high competitiveness in the global marketplace as well as the need to minimize the ecological footprint lead multipurpose batch process industries to seek ways to maximize their productivity with a simultaneous reduction of raw materials and utility consumption and efficient use of processing units. Optimal scheduling of their processes can lead facilities towards this direction. Although a great number of mathematical models have been developed for such scheduling, they may still lead to large model sizes and computational time. In this work, we develop two novel mathematical models using the unit-specific event-based modelling approach in which consumption and production tasks related to the same states are allowed to take place at the same event points. The computational results demonstrate that both proposed mathematical models reduce the number of event points required. The proposed unit-specific event-based model is the most efficient since it both requires a smaller number of event points and significantly less computational time in most cases especially for those examples which are computationally expensive from existing models.

关键词： scheduling     multipurpose batch processes     simultaneous transfer     mixed-integer linear programming    

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Modeling of hydrological processes in arid agricultural regions

Jiang LI,Xiaomin MAO,Shaozhong KANG,David A. BARRY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 283-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015076

摘要： Understanding of hydrological processes, including consideration of interactions between vegetation growth and water transfer in the root zone, underpins efficient use of water resources in arid-zone agriculture. Water transfers take place in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, and include groundwater dynamics, unsaturated zone flow, evaporation/transpiration from vegetated/bare soil and surface water, agricultural canal/surface water flow and seepage, and well pumping. Models can be categorized into three classes: (1) regional distributed hydrological models with various land uses, (2) groundwater-soil-plant-atmosphere continuum models that neglect lateral water fluxes, and (3) coupled models with groundwater flow and unsaturated zone water dynamics. This review highlights, in addition, future research challenges in modeling arid-zone agricultural systems, e.g., to effectively assimilate data from remote sensing, and to fully reflect climate change effects at various model scales.

关键词： hydrological processes     irrigation area     SPAC     crop growth     groundwater     canal seepage    

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Automated synthesis of steady-state continuous processes using reinforcement learning

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 288-302 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2055-9

摘要： Automated flowsheet synthesis is an important field in computer-aided process engineering. The present work demonstrates how reinforcement learning can be used for automated flowsheet synthesis without any heuristics or prior knowledge of conceptual design. The environment consists of a steady-state flowsheet simulator that contains all physical knowledge. An agent is trained to take discrete actions and sequentially build up flowsheets that solve a given process problem. A novel method named SynGameZero is developed to ensure good exploration schemes in the complex problem. Therein, flowsheet synthesis is modelled as a game of two competing players. The agent plays this game against itself during training and consists of an artificial neural network and a tree search for forward planning. The method is applied successfully to a reaction-distillation process in a quaternary system.

关键词： automated process synthesis     flowsheet synthesis     artificial intelligence     machine learning     reinforcement learning    

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Effectiveness of tertiary treatment processes in removing different classes of emerging contaminants

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1583-y

摘要：

● Different advanced treatment processes were tested for ECs removal from wastewater.

关键词： Micropollutants     Wastewater     PAC     Membranes     UV     Tertiary treatment    

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Fundamental influences of particles on stirred and unstirred venting processes of foaming systems

Henrik LEIMEISTER,Jörg STEINBACH

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 141-148 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1423-0

摘要： Venting is the common safety measure to protect plant equipment against excessive overpressure. So far, scenarios in which particles were part of the system and should have been accounted for did ignore their presence; the scenarios were treated like a two-phase system. Current research shows that particles can have a major influence on the venting behaviour. Experimental results indicate that particles affect level swell and relief flow especially of foamy systems. Based on those results four different layers of influence of the particle have been identified and are presented in a first model. Based on this model recommendations for the development of new and more complex models are given.

关键词： venting     multi-phase    

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Physical and chemical processes of wintertime secondary nitrate aerosol formation

Qi YING

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 348-361 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0343-1

摘要： The UCD/CIT model was modified to include a process analysis (PA) scheme for gas and particulate matter (PM) to study the formation of secondary nitrate aerosol during a stagnant wintertime air pollution episode during the California Regional PM /PM Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) where detailed measurements of PM components are available at a few sites. Secondary nitrate is formed in the urban areas from near the ground to a few hundred meters above the surface during the day with a maximum modeled net increase rate of 4 μg·m ·d during the study episode. The secondary nitrate formation rate in rural areas is lower due to lower NO . In the afternoon hours, near-surface temperature can be high enough to evaporate the particulate nitrate. In the nighttime hours, both the gas phase N O reactions with water vapor and the N O heterogeneous reactions with particle-bound water are important for secondary nitrate formation. The N O reactions are most import near the surface to a few hundred meters above surface with a maximum modeled net secondary nitrate increase rate of 1 μg·m ·d and are more significant in the rural areas where the O concentrations are high at night. In general, vertical transport during the day moves the nitrate formed near the surface to higher elevations. During the stagnant days, process analysis indicates that the nitrate concentration in the upper air builds up and leads to a net downward flux of nitrate through vertical diffusion and a rapid increase of surface nitrate concentration.

关键词： secondary nitrate aerosol     N2O5 heterogeneous reaction     process analysis    

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Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of

RULKENS Wim

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 385-396 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0073-1

摘要： The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment. Currently, there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater. Because microbiological treatment methods are, only to a limited part, able to satisfy these needs, the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest. The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups: improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes, achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent, recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse, desalination of brackish water and seawater, and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process. Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role, also requires application of process control and modeling strategies. This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.

关键词： control     beneficial     valuable     scarcity     Development    

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INTERFERENCE BY NON-HOST PLANT ROOTS AND ROOT EXUDATES IN THE INFECTION PROCESSES OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 447-459 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021399

摘要：

Crop rotations are widely used because they can significantly reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. The interactions between non-host roots and pathogens may be key in the inhibition of soilborne pathogens in crop rotations. Interactions between fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) roots/root exudates and Phytophthora nicotianae were investigated because of the known allelopathy between fennel and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The effects of the key compounds in the fennel rhizosphere on the mycelial growth and zoospore behavior of P. nicotianae were assessed. The roots of fennel attracted P. nicotianae zoospores and inhibited their motility and the germination of cystospores, with some cystospores rupturing. 4-ethylacetophenone, vanillin and N-formylpiperidine were consistently identified in the fennel rhizosphere and were found to interfere with the infection of P. nicotianae, especially vanillin. Hyphae treated with these compounds produced more abnormal branches and accumulated reactive oxygen species. These interspecific interactions between non-host roots and pathogens were found to be an important factor in the inhibition by fennel of infection by P. nicotianae.

 

关键词： fennel and tobacco rotation     infection behavior     Phytophthora nicotianae     reactive oxygen species     vanillin    

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Effect of distributions of fuel concentration and temperature on ignition processes in a diesel PCCI

Yang YU, Wanhua SU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 269-279 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0046-5

摘要： The distributions of fuel concentration and temperature have significant effect on the ignition processes of diesel premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion. It was found in this study that the ignition process of PCCI combustion organized by multi-pulse injection was strongly influenced by conditions of fuel stratification. The start of low temperature reactions occurred in the leaner area of the combustion chamber in the test engine because the temperature here first reached the point of low temperature reactions. Ignition always occurred in the position where the mixture featured with equivalence ratios close to the mean equivalence ratio of the overall mixture, while the neighboring area of the initial ignition area accumulate heat with a finite speed until finally autoigniting. Moreover, the appearance of highest combustion temperature occurred in the same area at the combustion chamber. For more homogeneous mixture, a higher amount of mixture reached ignition simultaneously, resulting in a larger initial ignition area and a higher temperature at the ignition area. Furthermore, V-type distribution of equivalence ratio was found to be beneficial to retarding high temperature reaction.

关键词： PCCI     fuel stratification     multi-pulse injection     ignition    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs

Nannan GUO, Ming C. LEU

期刊论文

typical dissolved black carbons and their influence on the formation of disinfection by-products in chlor(am

期刊论文

Solution properties and self-association of multi-blocks like copolymer P(AM/AA) prepared by template

ZHANG Yuxi, WU Feipeng, LI Miaozhen, WANG Erjian

期刊论文

Emerging electrochemical processes for materials recovery from wastewater: Mechanisms and prospects

Lingchen Kong, Xitong Liu

期刊论文

什么才是做出最佳基础设施投资的依据？经济因素？恢复力？或二者皆是？

David Singleton AM

期刊论文

Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and the major regulators

Li XUE, Ertao WANG

期刊论文

A new approach for scheduling of multipurpose batch processes with unlimited intermediate storage policy

Nikolaos Rakovitis, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Liping Zhang

期刊论文

Modeling of hydrological processes in arid agricultural regions

Jiang LI,Xiaomin MAO,Shaozhong KANG,David A. BARRY

期刊论文

Automated synthesis of steady-state continuous processes using reinforcement learning

期刊论文

Effectiveness of tertiary treatment processes in removing different classes of emerging contaminants

期刊论文

Fundamental influences of particles on stirred and unstirred venting processes of foaming systems

Henrik LEIMEISTER,Jörg STEINBACH

期刊论文

Physical and chemical processes of wintertime secondary nitrate aerosol formation

Qi YING

期刊论文

Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of

RULKENS Wim

期刊论文

INTERFERENCE BY NON-HOST PLANT ROOTS AND ROOT EXUDATES IN THE INFECTION PROCESSES OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE

期刊论文

Effect of distributions of fuel concentration and temperature on ignition processes in a diesel PCCI

Yang YU, Wanhua SU,

期刊论文