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复合材料 5

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Surface-tailoring chlorine resistant materials and strategies for polyamide thin film composite reverse

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 564-591 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2109-z

摘要： Polyamide thin film composite membranes have dominated current reverse osmosis market on account of their excellent separation performances compared to the integrally skinned counterparts. Despite their very promising separation performance, chlorine-induced degradation resulted from the susceptibility of polyamide toward chlorine attack has been regarded as the Achilles’s heel of polyamide thin film composite. The free chlorine species present during chlorine treatment can impair membrane performance through chlorination and depolymerization of the polyamide selective layer. From material point of view, a chemically stable membrane is crucial for the sustainable application of membrane separation process as it warrants a longer membrane lifespan and reduces the cost involved in membrane replacement. Various strategies, particularly those involved membrane material optimization and surface modifications, have been established to address this issue. This review discusses membrane degradation by free chlorine attack and its correlation with the surface chemistry of polyamide. The advancement in the development of chlorine resistant polyamide thin film composite membranes is reviewed based on the state-of-the-art surface modifications and tailoring approaches which include the in situ and post-fabrication membrane modifications using a broad range of functional materials. The challenges and future directions in this field are also highlighted.

关键词： reverse osmosis polyamide thin film composite membranes chlorine resistance surface modification

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Deep eutectic solvent inclusions for high- composite dielectric elastomers

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 996-1002 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2138-2

摘要： Recent advances in novel electroactive devices have placed new requirements on material development. High-performance dielectric elastomers with good mechanical stretchability and high dielectric constant are under high demand. However, the current strategy for fabricating these materials suffers from high cost or low thermal stability, which greatly hinders large-scale industrial production. Herein, we have successfully developed a novel strategy for improving the dielectric constant of polymeric elastomers via deep eutectic solvent inclusion by taking advantage of the low cost, convenient and environmentally benign synthesis process and high ionic conductivity from deep eutectic solvents. The as-prepared composite elastomers showed good stretchability and a greatly enhanced dielectric constant with a negligible increase in dielectric dissipation. Moreover, we have proven the universality of our strategy by using different types of deep eutectic solvents. It is believed that low-cost, easy-synthesis and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents including composite elastomers are highly suitable for large-scale industrial production and can greatly broaden the application fields of dielectric elastomers.

关键词： composite materials deep eutectic solvent dielectric elastomer high dielectric constant

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用于复合材料结构生产的编织增强材料树脂灌注工艺模拟

Robert S. Pierce, Brian G. Falzon

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第5期页码 596-607 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.006

摘要：

商用飞机对减轻机身重量和提高燃料效率的需求日益增强，这一需求促进了复合材料在商用飞机结构中的应用。当飞机的复合材料结构变得更庞大、更复杂时，传统的热压罐生产方法就会变得相当昂贵，这一现象引起了研究者对非热压罐成型技术的关注。在此技术中，树脂被注入强化预浸料层。然而，树脂灌注工艺与操作人员的技术和经验息息相关，特别是在开发复杂部件的生产策略时。作为一种用于预测的计算工具，流程建模旨在解决可靠性问题以及传统反复试验法所导致的浪费。大多数传统建模仍应用于工业，主要针对各向同性多孔强化材料的流体流动模拟。然而，最近的一些研究开始将编织材料的多尺度和多学科的复杂性纳入考虑范畴，其模拟方法可以提供更高的保真度。尤其考虑到具有渗透性和多孔性的强化材料导致的织物变形效应，新的多物理场流程模拟能够通过织物更好地预测树脂的灌注行为。除了综述与流程模拟相关的前人研究和工艺现状，本文还重点论述了最近关于复杂双圆顶组件的多物理场流程模拟与实验灌注的对比验证。通过考虑变形依赖的流动行为，多物理场流程模拟能够预测实际的流动行为，证明其与基础的各向同性渗透模型相比有很大程度的改进。

关键词：复合材料编织增强悬垂灌注数值模拟

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电沉积法制备多功能复合材料研究动态与发展趋势

郭忠诚,朱晓云,杨显万

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第4期页码 86-94

摘要：

综述了近年来国内外在复合电沉积制备多功能复合材料方面的研究动态与发展趋势；重点探讨了多元复合电沉积、多元脉冲复合电沉积、脉冲喷射电沉积、纳米复合电沉积以及功能梯度材料的复合电沉积等方面的研究现状和发展趋势。结果表明：这五类复合材料镀层的性能比传统的单金属镀层、合金镀层及其复合镀层更加优异，在今后的发展中将有更广阔的应用前景。

关键词：电沉积复合镀层纳米颗粒功能梯度材料脉冲喷射

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Fabrication of form stable NaCl-Al2O3 composite for thermal energy storage by cold sintering process

Bilyaminu Suleiman, Qinghua Yu, Yulong Ding, Yongliang Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 727-735 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1823-2

摘要： A form stable NaCl-Al O (50-50 wt-%) composite material for high temperature thermal energy storage was fabricated by cold sintering process, a process recently applied to the densification of ceramics at low temperature ˂ 300°C under uniaxial pressure in the presence of small amount of transient liquid. The fabricated composite achieved as high as 98.65% of the theoretical density. The NaCl-Al O composite also retained the chloride salt without leakage after 30 heating-cooling cycles between 750°C–850°C together with a holding period of 24 h at 850°C. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated congruent solubility of the alumina in chloride salt, excellent compatibility of NaCl with Al O , and chemical stability at high temperature. Structural analysis by scanning electron microscope also showed limited grain growth, high density, uniform NaCl distribution and clear faceted composite structure without inter-diffusion. The latent heat storage density of 252.5 J/g was obtained from simultaneous thermal analysis. Fracture strength test showed high sintered strength around 5 GPa after 50 min. The composite was found to have fair mass losses due to volatilization. Overall, cold sintering process has the potential to be an efficient, safe and cost-effective strategy for the fabrication of high temperature thermal energy storage materials.

关键词： cold sintering process composite fabrication thermal energy storage phase change materials

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多相复合陶瓷刀具材料的设计与制备

许崇海,艾兴

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第3期页码 71-74

摘要：

陶瓷材料的多相复合与计算机辅助设计是21世纪先进陶瓷材料的重要发展趋势。文章采用理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了多相复合陶瓷刀具材料力学性能与材料组分之间关系的数学模型，采用计算机辅助优化设计技术求得材料的最优组分。在此基础上，利用热压技术制得一种Al₂〇₃-SiC-(W,Ti) C多相复合陶瓷刀具材料，该材料具有良好的综合力学性能。

关键词：陶瓷刀具材料多相复合材料设计模型力学性能

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麦秸粉与HDPE/PP基复合材料的制备及性能研究

杨兆哲,许民

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第4期页码 30-33

摘要：

本文采用麦秸粉为增强体，分别与高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、聚丙烯（PP）热塑性塑料基体采用挤出方式混合制备木塑复合材料，研究麦秸粉与HDPE、PP的配比对复合材料性能的影响。利用高速混合机在一定条件下对麦秸粉、热塑性塑料和其他助剂进行混合，利用双螺杆挤出机熔融造粒，单螺杆挤出机挤出成型，对制备的麦秸粉/塑料复合材料进行物理力学性能测试。结果表明：加入少量麦秸粉使木塑复合材料力学性能降低，随着麦秸粉含量的增加，复合材料的力学性能呈提高的趋势；当麦秸粉含量超过一定比例时，木塑复合材料力学性能降低，且冲击性能降低明显；本次试验HDPE基木塑复合材料力学强度略高于PP基木塑复合材料。

关键词：麦秸粉 HDPE PP 复合材料性能研究

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低温固体氧化物燃料电池的复合电解质材料

谢富丞,王诚,毛宗强

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第2期页码 72-76

摘要：

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）是一种高效、环保的发电装置。低温化是SOFC的主要发展方向。探索适合在低温（400~600 ℃）条件下操作的高性能电解质材料是SOFC低温化发展的关键。近年来，研究人员发展了新型的复合电解质材料，取得了较好的成果。本文综述了近年来低温SOFC复合电解质材料的研究进展，简要介绍了复合电解质材料的特点、类型和传导机理。

关键词：低温SOFC 复合电解质传导机理

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A comparative study on polypropylene separators coated with different inorganic materials for lithium-ion

Linghui Yu, Jiansong Miao, Yi Jin, Jerry Y.S. Lin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 346-352 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1648-9

摘要： Coating commercial porous polyolefin separators with inorganic materials can improve the thermal stability of the polyolefin separators and hence improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries. Several different inorganic materials have been studied for the coating. However, there lacks a study on how different inorganic materials affect the properties of separators, in terms of thermal stability and cell performance. Herein, we present such a study on coating a commercial polypropylene separator with four inorganic materials, i.e., Al O , SiO , ZrO and zeolite. All inorganic coatings have improved thermal stability of the separators although with differences. The coating layers add 28%–45% of electrical resistance compared with the pure polypropylene separator, but all the cells prepared with the coated polypropylene separators have the same electrical chemical performance as the uncoated separator in terms of rate capability and capacities at different temperatures.

关键词： lithium-ion battery battery safety composite separator porosity tortuosity

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Removal of lead from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite/manganese dioxide composite

Lijing DONG,Zhiliang ZHU,Yanling QIU,Jianfu ZHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 28-36 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0722-5

摘要： A novel composite adsorbent, hydroxyapatite/manganese dioxide (HAp/MnO ), has been developed for the purpose of removing lead ions from aqueous solutions. The combination of HAp with MnO is meant to increase its adsorption capacity. Various factors that may affect the adsorption efficiency, including solution pH, coexistent substances such as humic acid and competing cations (Ca , Mg ), initial solute concentration, and the duration of the reaction, have been investigated. Using this composite adsorbent, solution pH and coexistent calcium or magnesium cations were found to have no significant influence on the removal of lead ions under the experimental conditions. The adsorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 769 mg·g . The sorption processes obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The experimental results indicate that HAp/MnO composite may be an effective adsorbent for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions.

关键词： lead composite materials manganese dioxide hydroxyapatite adsorption

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Recent progress of two-dimensional nanosheet membranes and composite membranes for separation applications

Wei Wang, Yanying Wei, Jiang Fan, Jiahao Cai, Zong Lu, Li Ding, Haihui Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 793-819 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2016-8

摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a class of promising materials to prepare high-performance 2D membranes for various separation applications. The precise control of the interlayer nanochannel/sub-nanochannel between nanosheets or the pore size of nanosheets within 2D membranes enables 2D membranes to achieve promising molecular sieving performance. To date, many 2D membranes with high permeability and high selectivity have been reported, exhibiting high separation performance. This review presents the development, progress, and recent breakthrough of different types of 2D membranes, including membranes based on porous and non-porous 2D nanosheets for various separations. Separation mechanism of 2D membranes and their fabrication methods are also reviewed. Last but not the least, challenges and future directions of 2D membranes for wide utilization are discussed in brief.

关键词： membrane separation 2D membranes 2D materials nanosheet

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Technological development and engineering applications of novel steel-concrete composite structures

Jianguo NIE, Jiaji WANG, Shuangke GOU, Yaoyu ZHU, Jiansheng FAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 1-14 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0514-x

摘要：

In view of China’s development trend of green building and building industrialization, based on the emerging requirements of the structural engineering community, the development and proposition of novel resource-saving high-performance steel-concrete composite structural systems with adequate safety and durability has become a kernel development trend in structural engineering. This paper provides a state of the art review of China’s cutting-edge research and technologies in steel-concrete composite structures in recent years, including the building engineering, the bridge engineering and the special engineering. This paper summarizes the technical principles and applications of the long-span bi-directional composite structures, the long-span composite transfer structures, the comprehensive crack control technique based on uplift-restricted and slip-permitted (URSP) connectors, the steel plate concrete composite (SPCC) strengthen technique, and the innovative composite joints. By improving and revising traditional structure types, the comprehensive superiority of steel-concrete composite structures is well elicited. The research results also indicate that the high-performance steel-concrete composite structures have a promising popularizing prospect in the future.

关键词： high-performance composite structure bi-directional composite composite transfer uplift-restricted and slip-permitted connectors steel plate concrete composite strengthen

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数字孪生增强的复合材料质量预测 Article

王雨澄, 陶飞, 左颖, 张萌, 戚庆林

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 23-33 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.019

摘要：

复合材料以其优异的性能被广泛应用于许多领域。复合材料的质量缺陷会导致其构件的性能下降，成为潜在的事故隐患。当前国内外研究者通常采用实验或仿真的方法对复合材料的质量进行预测。然而，由于固化环境的不确定性和对动态、静态特征考虑不全面，因此难以准确预测复合材料的质量。为了解决这一问题，本文首先建立了复合材料的数字孪生（DT）模型，然后通过实现静态热压罐DT虚拟模型与可变复合材料DT虚拟模型的耦合，完成复合材料固化过程数字孪生模型的构建。基于该固化过程模型，生成模拟数据来增加动态特征，从而提高质量预测的准确性。最后基于获取的数据，使用极限学习机（ELM）构建复合材料质量预测模型，并通过结果分析验证了所提方法的有效性。

关键词：数字孪生质量预测复合材料耦合场

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声学综合无损检测技术

陈积懋

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第4期页码 64-69

摘要：

论述了检测复合材料和胶接结构不连续（缺陷）的新型多模综合无损检测技术。该技术以声与超声检测技术为基础，包含五种不同检测模式，用以检测复合材料与胶接结构的失粘、脱粘、分层、疏松、夹芯压皱及其他缺陷。它适用于复合材料与构件的制造、维修和使用现场。它的适用对象范围广泛，几乎覆盖了现有常用的复合材料和胶接结构。它的检测可靠性高，重复精度好。文章还讨论了组成多膜声学综合胶接检测仪的五种不同检测模式的原理，并从我们和国内外同行的大量实践经验出发，说明了综合无损检测技术的巨大发展前景。

关键词：声学综合检测综合无损检测复合材料无损检测机械阻抗分析振动分析共振检测