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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期
• NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing of perennial pasture (ryegrass/white clover).
• Milk production per hectare has increased by about 29% with increased use of externally-sourced feeds over the last two decades.
• Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration can potentially reduce N2O emissions and N leaching per unit of production.
• Systems analysis is important for evaluating mitigations to minimize trade-offs between environmental impacts.
This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha−1 in 2000/2001 to 2.84 cows ha−1 in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr−1 per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by ~ 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).jiafa.luo@agresearch.co.nz
Estimation of environmental effects of photovoltaic generation in North-west China
Mengjia REN, Anastasia SHCHERBAKOVA
《能源前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第4期 页码 535-543 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0280-8
关键词: photovoltaic (PV) emission reduction North-west China marginal generator
Finite element modeling of environmental effects on rigid pavement deformation
Sunghwan KIM,Halil CEYLAN,Kasthurirangan GOPALAKRISHNAN
《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第2期 页码 101-114 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0254-x
关键词: jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) curling and warping sensitivity analyses rigid pavement analysis and design finite element analysis (FEA)
Yurui LI, Hualou LONG, Yansui LIU
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期 页码 438-448 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0273-3
关键词: industrial development land use/cover change (LUCC) driving forces environmental effects ecosystem services value (ESV) water environmental quality Changshu
Effects of environmental media on the transmission of an inductive link in wireless microsystems
Lei DONG, Li-Feng WANG, Qing-An HUANG
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第12卷 第4期 页码 554-556 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0450-1
An inductive link between two magnetically coupled coils in wireless microsystems is modeled by considering an additional parasitic capacitive link to describe the effect of environmental media. With a system of inductor-capacitor passive wireless sensors, the effects of environmental media are studied theoretically and experimentally for the first time. Results suggest that the capacitive link is non-negligible when the distance between the two coupled coils is comparable with the coupling area, particularly when the environmental medium has a large dielectric constant.
关键词: capacitive link monitoring correction passive wireless sensor
GENG Jinju, WANG Qiang, WANG Xiaorong, NIU Xiaojun
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第1期 页码 120-124 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0022-4
朱亦弘,徐日庆,龚晓南
《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第6期 页码 111-115 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.016
随着城市地下空间开发规模不断增大,城市地下空间开发的主要矛盾从基坑自身稳定问题逐渐转向基坑周边环境变形控制问题。周边环境复杂情况下的地下空间开发极易引起地表不均匀沉降,建筑物开裂,造成巨大的经济损失。因此需要系统性地研究城市各类明挖基坑开发形式所带来的环境影响及环境效应控制技术。本文介绍和回顾了统计经验法、数值模拟法、模型试验法在明挖基坑引起的环境效应研究中取得的研究成果,总结了各类研究方法及成果的优势和不足。介绍了现有环境控制技术及应用案例,总结了地下空间开发环境效应研究成果,并对今后研究方向提出了建议。
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1415-5
• ARGs were detected in livestock manure, sludge, food waste and fermentation dregs.
关键词: Antibiotic resistance genes Organic solid waste Aerobic composting Livestock manure Sludge
朱蓉,石文辉,王阳,王伟胜,黄其励
《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第3期 页码 39-43 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.006
截至2017年,我国风电累计装机容量已连续8年位居世界第一。未来,我国风电发展依然会维持较高比例增长,在此形势下,迫切需要认清风能资源开发对生态和气候环境的影响,以保证风电可持续性发展。设立国家重大基础科学研究计划,组织开展风电开发的生态和气候效应研究是十分必要的。建议通过观测实验、机理分析、数值模拟、影响评估以及适应和减缓措施研究,提出2050年我国风电发展的规划布局;研究建立风电项目开发建设对生态和环境影响的评价方法和指标体系;建立国家风能开发区生态和气候环境监测网,并与全国风电场的运行有效联系,利用大数据和人工智能等技术,定期评估整体和局地的生态、气候环境效应。
Continuous dynamic monitoring of a centenary iron bridge for structural modification assessment
Carmelo GENTILE,Antonella SAISI
《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期 页码 26-41 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0284-4
关键词: automated modal identification continuous dynamic monitoring environmental/operational effects iron arch bridge structural health monitoring
LI Wei,HU Mengze
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第3期 页码 316-328 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0625-5
关键词: environmental finance policy integrated mechanism phased evolution implementation progress financial institution environmental management
Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China
Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期 页码 266-276 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0267-1
关键词: environmental accidents spatial and temporal trends environmental risk
DONG Hongwei
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第4期 页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0069-2
关键词: law-abiding punishment environmental protection law-breaking enterprise
Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 310-316 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0658-9
关键词: environmental policy distributed environment policy distributed parameter model lumped parameter model
Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1624-1
● Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic structural transitions.
关键词: Environmental pressures Environmental impacts Nexus Supply chains Trade Coupled systems
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Estimation of environmental effects of photovoltaic generation in North-west China
Mengjia REN, Anastasia SHCHERBAKOVA
期刊论文
Finite element modeling of environmental effects on rigid pavement deformation
Sunghwan KIM,Halil CEYLAN,Kasthurirangan GOPALAKRISHNAN
期刊论文
Industrial development and land use/cover change and their effects on local environment: a case study
Yurui LI, Hualou LONG, Yansui LIU
期刊论文
Effects of environmental media on the transmission of an inductive link in wireless microsystems
Lei DONG, Li-Feng WANG, Qing-An HUANG
期刊论文
Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments
GENG Jinju, WANG Qiang, WANG Xiaorong, NIU Xiaojun
期刊论文
Environmental effects and risk control of antibiotic resistance genes in the organic solid waste aerobic
期刊论文
Continuous dynamic monitoring of a centenary iron bridge for structural modification assessment
Carmelo GENTILE,Antonella SAISI
期刊论文
An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism forenvironmental management
LI Wei,HU Mengze
期刊论文
Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty?—A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China
DONG Hongwei
期刊论文
Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental
Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI
期刊论文