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Influence of sprinkler irrigation droplet diameter, application intensity and specific power on flower

Yisheng ZHANG, Delan ZHU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 165-171 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017145

摘要： To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducted. The influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of <1% represents a safe irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and>6% heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity, specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and 1.64 mm·h and the specific power was 0.467×10 , 9.340×10 and 3.110×10 W·m . These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.

关键词： application intensity damage floriculture flowers specific power sprinkler irrigation

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车用燃料电池电堆比功率提升的技术途径探讨

侯明,邵志刚,衣宝廉

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 84-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.002

摘要：

燃料电池车作为新能源汽车的一种，以其续驶里程长、动力性能高、燃料加注快、兼容可再生能源等特点，得到愈来愈广泛的重视。燃料电池堆是燃料电池汽车的核心，其比功率是反应燃料电池堆技术水平的重要指标，掌握高比功率燃料电池电堆技术可以降低电堆硬件数量，从而也会使电堆成本得到大幅降低。国际上先进的燃料电池堆由于具有高的比功率使其在车辆有限空间能提供较大功率，满足了车辆动力需求；然而，国内目前电堆比功率相比国际先进水平还有一定差距，针对这一问题，本文从高活性催化剂、增强复合质子交换膜、高扰动流场、导电耐腐蚀薄金属双极板、电堆组装与一致性等多方面，探讨了提高燃料电池电堆比功率的技术途径，基于理论与实践积累分析了燃料电池活化极化、欧姆极化及传质极化与材料、部件、组装的关联性，为进一步提高燃料电池堆性能与比功率提供方向性参考。

关键词：燃料电池车燃料电池电堆性能比功率

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Impact of oxygen enriched combustion on the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine

K. RAJKUMAR, P. GOVINDARAJAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 398-403 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0157-7

摘要： In the present experiment, a computerized single cylinder diesel engine with a data acquisition system was used to study the effects of oxygen enriched combustion technology (OECT) on the performance characteristics. The use of different levels of oxygen-enriched air was compared with respect to percentage load. Increasing the oxygen content in the air leads to faster burn rates and increases the combustibility at the same stoichiometry (oxygen-to-fuel ratio). These effects have the potential to increase the thermal efficiency and specific power output of a diesel engine. The power increases considerably with oxygen enrichment. In addition, oxygen enrichment can also be considered as a way to reduce the sudden loss in power output when the engine operates in a high load condition. Assessed high combustion temperature from the oxygen enriched combustion leads to high combustion efficiency. OECT reduces the volume of flue gases and reduces the effects of greenhouse effects. Engine tests were conducted in the above said engine for different loads and the following performance characteristics like brake power (BP), specific fuel consumption (SFC), mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature were studied. The objective of this paper is to address, in a systematic way, the key technical issues associated with applying OECT to single cylinder diesel engines.

关键词： oxygen enriched combustion exhaust gas temperature brake power (BP) specific fuel consumption (SFC)

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基于纳米孔渗透获取盐度梯度能量发电的可行性研究 Article

王樟新, Li Wang, Menachem Elimelech

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 51-60 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.016

摘要：

随着具有离子选择性纳米通道的新型材料的研发，一种获取盐度梯度（蓝色）能量的新技术被提出，即纳米孔发电机（NPG）。在本研究中，我们对膜片尺度和组件尺度的NPG运行的实际性能进行了全面分析。结果表明，虽然NPG 膜片可以在理想条件下产生超高的功率密度，但由于浓度极化效应，实际运行中NPG膜片上产生的功率密度很难达到10 W·m⁻²。对于组件尺度的NPG运行，我们估算了功率密度和可提取比能（即使用单位总体积工作溶液可产生的能量），并基于浓度极化与高浓度溶液和低浓度溶液的混合程度之间的相互作用，阐明运行条件对这两个指标的影响。此外，我们还开发了一个用来评估NPG 系统可行性的模型框架。结果表明，对于使用海水与河水的NPG 系统，总可提取比能非常低（约0.1 kW·h·m⁻³），且受到系统运行能耗的影响（特别是海水和河水溶液的汲取与预处理能耗）。总的来说，NPG系统产生的净可提取比能（< 0.025 kW·h·m⁻³）和净功率密度（< 0.1 W·m⁻²）非常低。我们的研究重点指出了NPG在现实运行中存在极大的局限性，进而对NPG作为一种蓝色能量收集技术的可行性提出了质疑。

关键词：纳米孔发电机盐度梯度（蓝色）能量功率密度可提取比能

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The combined effects of biomass and temperature on maximum specific ammonia oxidation rate in domestic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1411-9

摘要：

• Actual SAORs was determined using MLVSS and temperature.

关键词： Specific ammonia oxidation rate Sequencing batch reactor Biomass Temperature coefficient Model simulation

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比能法在渤海海峡隧道TBM 施工中的应用分析

高攀,邹翀

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第12期页码 73-79

摘要：

拟建的渤海海峡隧道采用隧道掘进机（TBM）施工极具挑战性，其中关键之一就是TBM的掘进速率预测问题。本文将渤海海峡隧道和澳大利亚Clem Jones 隧道进行工程类比，并介绍了比能法在Clem Jones 隧道的应用情况。在Clem Jones 隧道施工过程中，相关研究人员运用比能法对TBM的可掘性进行了分析及预测，从后期的掘进情况来看比能法的预测结果与实际施工吻合得较好。本文在Clem Jones 隧道和渤海海峡隧道对比分析的基础上，认为运用比能法预测TBM的可掘性同样适用于渤海海峡隧道的TBM施工。

关键词： TBM 比能凿岩速率指数掘进速率

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中国核电工程场地设计地震动参数确定相关问题

李小军,贺秋梅,侯春林

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 75-82

摘要：

基于中国核电工程选址和建设的实际工作，探讨了核电工程场地设计地震动参数确定几个环节中的关键问题，包括不同地震危险性分析方法的采用、地震动衰减关系的选取和设计地震动参数的综合取值等。分析了地震动衰减关系不确定性和弥散地震衰减关系等问题处理方式的变迁，比较分析了地震危险性分析确定性方法中构造地震、弥散地震的计算结果和概率方法计算结果的差异及对设计地震动参数确定的控制作用。研究表明：a.综合考虑地震危险性分析的确定性方法和概率方法的计算结果已成为中国核电工程场地地震安全性评价中确定设计地震动参数的基本思路，其中弥散地震是一个需要特殊考虑的问题；b.确定性方法和概率方法计算结果对场地设计地震动参数的控制作用受区域地震活动性强弱的影响；c.在地震活动性较弱的地区，确定性方法特别是弥散地震计算结果基本上控制着场地设计地震动参数的取值，而在地震活动性相对较强的地区，更倾向于由概率方法计算结果控制。

关键词：核电厂设计地震动确定性方法概率方法地震动衰减关系弥散地震不确定性

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An integrated approach to site-specific management zone delineation

Yuxin MIAO, David J. MULLA, Pierre C. ROBERT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 432-441 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018230

摘要：

Dividing fields into a few relatively homogeneous management zones (MZ) is a practical and cost-effective approach to precision agriculture. There are three basic approaches to MZ delineation using soil and/or landscape properties, yield information, and both sources of information. The objective of this study is to propose an integrated approach to delineating site-specific MZ using relative elevation, organic matter, slope, electrical conductivity, yield spatial trend map, and yield temporal stability map (ROSE-YSTTS) and evaluate it against two other approaches using only soil and landscape information (ROSE) or clustering multiple year yield maps (CMYYM). The study was carried out on two no-till corn-soybean rotation fields in eastern Illinois, USA. Two years of nitrogen (N) rate experiments were conducted in Field B to evaluate the delineated MZs for site-specific N management. It was found that in general the ROSE approach was least effective in accounting for crop yield variability (8.0%–9.8%), while the CMYYM approach was least effective in accounting for soil and landscape (8.9%–38.1%), and soil nutrient and pH variability (9.4%–14.5%). The integrated ROSE-YSTTS approach was reasonably effective in accounting for the three sources of variability (38.6%–48.9%, 16.1%–17.3% and 13.2%–18.7% for soil and landscape, nutrient and pH, and yield variability, respectively), being either the best or second best approach. It was also found that the ROSE-YSTTS approach was effective in defining zones with high, medium and low economically optimum N rates. It is concluded that the integrated ROSE-YSTTS approach combining soil, landscape and yield spatial-temporal variability information can overcome the weaknesses of approaches using only soil, landscape or yield information, and is more robust for MZ delineation. It also has the potential for site-specific N management for improved economic returns. More studies are needed to further evaluate their appropriateness for precision N and crop management.

关键词： economically optimum nitrogen rate fuzzy cluster analysis precision nitrogen management site-specific management soil landscape property yield map

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Ahsan Noor Khan, Young-ok Cha, Henry Giddens, 郝阳

《工程（英文）》 2022年第11卷第4期页码 27-41 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.019

摘要：

电子学和生物学的结合催生了生物电子学，为研究人员实现对尚未被满足的治疗方案的需求带来了激动人心的机遇。纳米电子学及柔性、生物相容性材料的发展显示出潜在的临床应用（如生理传感、药物输送、心血管监测和脑刺激）价值。迄今为止，大多数生物电子器件都需要通过有线连接来进行电子控制，因此对患者来说，这些器件的植入既复杂又缺乏便利性。而作为替代方案，无线技术正在蓬勃发展，形成了能够提供无创控制、生物遥测和无线电能传输（WPT）的生物电子学。本文综述了无线生物电子学及其在器官特异性治疗（包括疾病和功能障碍）应用中的持续发展。本文重点描述了天线的关键特性，即辐射特性、材料选择、与其他电子器件的集成和测量。尽管无线生物电子学的最新进展有望增加对器件功能的控制，但在技术商业化以及应对不断扩大的未来医疗需求方面仍面临诸多挑战。

关键词：生物电子学神经植入物药物输送天线无线电能

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Water-dispersible nano-pollutions reshape microbial metabolism in type-specific manners: A metabolic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1548-1

摘要：

• Water-dispersible nano-pollutions exhibit type-specific toxic effects on E. coli.

关键词： Nano-toxicity Nano-plastics Quantum dots Microbial metabolite Metabolic dysregulation

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River restoration challenges with a specific view on hydromorphology

Jianhua LI, Stephan HOERBINGER, Clemens WEISSTEINER, Lingmin PENG, Hans Peter RAUCH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 1033-1038 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0665-9

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Application of StrucGP in medical immunology: site-specific -glycoproteomic analysis of macrophages

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 304-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0964-8

摘要： The structure of N-glycans on specific proteins can regulate innate and adaptive immunity via sensing environmental signals. Meanwhile, the structural diversity of N-glycans poses analytical challenges that limit the exploration of specific glycosylation functions. In this work, we used THP-1-derived macrophages as examples to show the vast potential of a N-glycan structural interpretation tool StrucGP in N-glycoproteomic analysis. The intact glycopeptides of macrophages were enriched and analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomic approaches, followed by the large-scale mapping of site-specific glycan structures via StrucGP. Results revealed that bisected GlcNAc, core fucosylated, and sialylated glycans (e.g., HexNAc₄Hex₅Fuc₁Neu5Ac₁, N₄H₅F₁S₁) were increased in M1 and M2 macrophages, especially in the latter. The findings indicated that these structures may be closely related to macrophage polarization. In addition, a high level of glycosylated PD-L1 was observed in M1 macrophages, and the LacNAc moiety was detected at Asn-192 and Asn-200 of PD-L1, and Asn-200 contained Lewis epitopes. The precision structural interpretation of site-specific glycans and subsequent intervention of target glycoproteins and related glycosyltransferases are of great value for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for different diseases.

关键词： macrophage glycoproteome glycopeptides N-glycan structures PD-L1

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Construction of 6HRE-GFAP-Baxα system specific for glioma gene therapy

TIAN Yongji, LI Guilin, GAO Jun, WANG Renzhi, KONG Yanguo, ZHANG Zhenxing, LI Shifang, TIAN Shiqiang, DOU Wanchen, ZHANG Bo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 49-53 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0010-x

摘要： The aim of this paper is to construct a specific and high-performance gene therapy system for glioma. We constructed a combined promoter 6HRE-GFAP (Hypoxia Responsive Element, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) by gene recombination techniques according to the hypoxia microenvironment in glioma and tested its efficacy and specificity in cultured cells, and then constructed GFAP-Baxα gene expressing system and determined its promoting of apoptosis in glioma cells. Our primary results showed that in U251 and BT325 cell lines, the activity of GFAP promoter was 16.40 and 4.73-fold of the promoter of hTERT (Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase), respectively. The activities of 6HRE-GFAP-promoter increased by 3.08 and 1.30-fold under 2% O condition compared with those under 18% O condition, while under 0.2% O condition increased by 8.90 and 2.69-fold, respectively. The glioma cells showed typical apoptotic signs 90 hours after the transient transfection of GFAP-Baxα. In these primary experiments, it showed that 6HRE-GFAPBaxα system could promote glioma cell apoptosis. It was specific and effective for glioma gene therapy.

关键词： GFAP-Baxα BT325 Fibrillary apoptotic specificity

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Construction of Hsp90β gene specific silencing plasmid and its transfection efficiency

JI Yewei, NIE Bin, LI Ping, ZHOU Yuanguo, XU Xiaoyu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 253-257 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0048-9

摘要： The purpose of this work was to construct the plasmid that could direct the synthesis of siRNA-like transcripts and thus mediate strong and specific repression of human heat shock protein 90β (Hsp90β) gene expression and to compare the transfection efficiency of the plasmids in varying conditions of transfection. Three 64 nt oligos corresponding to different regions of the target gene were chemically synthesized and annealed and were then ligated with pSUPER EGFP1 plasmid and double-digested with HindIII and Π. Recombinant plasmids were transformed into , DH5a, and the colonies were picked and grown in the Amp-agarose. The presence of positive clones was checked by the means of endodigestion and sequencing. Three cell strains, HepG2, Human umbilicus vein endothelium cells (HUVEC) and HeK293, were cultured. Then the plasmids were transfected into the cells at different ratios of plasmid to Lipofectamine. The transfection efficiency was measured by detection of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). The presence of positive recombinant clones were verified by double-digestion and sequencing. The bases inserted into the plasmids were correct and the positive colonies were named pSuper-Hsp90β1, pSuper-Hsp90β2 and pSuper-Hsp90β3. After optimizing the ratio of plasmid to Lipofectamine, we achieved high transfection efficiency in HeK293 cells. Transfection efficiency was still low in the HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the si-RNA-synthesizing plasmids targeting Hsp90β were constructed and transfected into cells with different transfection efficiency.

关键词： HindIII transfection efficiency detection enhanced different

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Modeling of specific structure crystallization coupling with dissolution

Yuanhui JI, Hongliang QIAN, Chang LIU, Xiaohua LU, Xin FENG, Xiaoyan JI,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 52-56 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0301-7

摘要： In this paper, the research framework for specific structure crystallization modeling has been proposed in which four steps are required in order to investigate the rigorous crystallization modeling by thermodynamics. The first is the activity coefficient model of the solution, the second is Solid-Liquid equilibrium, the third and fourth are the dissolution and crystallization kinetics modeling, respectively. Our investigations show that the mechanisms of complex structure formation and microphase transition can be analyzed by combining the dissolution and crystallization kinetics modeling. Moreover, the formation mechanism of the porous KCl has been analyzed, which may provide a reference for the porous structure formation in the advanced material synthesis.

关键词： structure crystallization activity coefficient reference KCl dissolution