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High-intensity focused ultrasound tumor ablation: Review of ten years of clinical experience

Lian ZHANG, Zhi-Biao WANG

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 294-302 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0092-8

摘要： High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a technique to destroy tissue at depth within the body, selectively and without harming overlying and adjacent structures within the path of the beam because the ultrasonic intensity at the beam focus is much higher than that outside of the focus. Diagnostic ultrasound is the first imaging modality used for guiding HIFU ablation. In 1997, a patient with osteosarcoma was first successfully treated with ultrasound imaging-guided HIFU in Chongqing, China. Over the last decade, thousands of patients with uterine fibroids, liver cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, bone tumors, and renal cancer have been treated with ultrasound imaging-guided HIFU. Based on several research groups’ reports, as well as our ten-year clinical experience, we conclude that this technique is safe and effective in treating human solid tumors. HIFU is a promising technique. Most importantly, HIFU offers patients another alternative when those patients have no other treatment available.

关键词： high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)     ultrasound imaging-guided HIFU (USgHIFU)     magnetic resonance imaging-guided HIFU (MRgHIFU)    

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Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge

LIU Hong, YAN Yixin, WANG Wenyan, YU Yongyong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 67-72 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0013-5

摘要： This work aims to explore a procedure to improve biological wastewater treatment efficiency using low intensity ultrasound. The aerobic activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as the experimental material. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the activated sludge (AS) was determined to indicate the changes of AS activity stimulated by ultrasound at 35 kHz for 0 40 min with ultrasonic intensities of 0 1.2 W/cm. The highest OUR was observed at the ultrasonic intensity of 0.3 W/cm and an irradiation period of 10 min; more than 15% increase was achieved immediately after sonication. More significantly, the AS activity stimulated by ultrasound could last 24 h after sonication, and the AS activity achieved its peak value within 8 h after sonication, or nearly 100% higher than the initial level after sonication. Therefore, to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency of bioreactors, ultrasound with an intensity of 0.3 W/cm could be employed to irradiate a part of the AS in the bioreactor for 10 min every 8 h.

关键词： sonication     irradiation     kHz     treatment efficiency     AS activity    

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Studies of ultrasound disintegration of residual sludge and its energy consumption in water treatment

SHEN Jinfeng, YIN Xuan, GU Heping, Lv Xiaoping

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 395-398 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0072-y

摘要： To investigate the influence of ultrasound pretreatment on sludge anaerobic digestion, the ultrasound disintegration of residual sludge in water treatment of petrochemical plant was studied, and the mechanisms of ultrasound and medium were introduced. Experimental results indicate that ultrasound cavitation induces the rise of sludge temperature, which improves ultrasound disintegration on sludge. U1trasound pretreatment can advance observably the quantity of chemical oxygen demand in sludge supernatant fluid (SCOD), which increases with ultrasound intensity and sonication time. The degree of ultrasound disintegration increases with the specific energy input. When the specific energy input is l0 000 kJ/kg of total dry solids, the degree of ultrasonic sludge disintegration reaches 40%.

关键词： specific     supernatant     petrochemical     ultrasound intensity     temperature    

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Influence of sprinkler irrigation droplet diameter, application intensity and specific power on flower

Yisheng ZHANG, Delan ZHU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 165-171 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017145

摘要： To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducted. The influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of <1% represents a safe irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and>6% heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity, specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and 1.64 mm·h and the specific power was 0.467×10 , 9.340×10 and 3.110×10 W·m . These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.

关键词： application intensity     damage     floriculture     flowers     specific power     sprinkler irrigation    

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Impact of inter-fuel substitution on energy intensity in Ghana

Boqiang LIN, Hermas ABUDU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 27-41 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0656-5

摘要： Energy intensity and elasticity, together with inter-fuel substitution are key issues in the current development stage of Ghana. Translog production and ridge regression are applied for studying these issues with a data range of 2000–2015. The current energy dynamics reveal the expected inverse relationship: higher energy intensity and lower elasticity with economic growth. There are evidences of energy-economic challenges: high energy cost, inefficiency and backfire rebound effect. The implications are higher energy losses in the system, more consumption of lower-quality energy together with low energy technology innovation. Energy is wasted and directly not productive with economic activities. It is observed further that the higher energy intensity invariably increases CO emission because approximately 95% of total energy is derived from hydrocarbons and biomass. An inter-fuel substitution future scenario design was further conducted and the results were positive with growth, lower energy intensity, and improved energy efficiency. Therefore, government and energy policymakers should improve energy efficiency, cost, and productiveness. That is, they should change energy compositions and augment energy technology innovation, thus, increasing renewable share to 15% by 2026, reducing wood and charcoal by about 69%, and increasing natural gas to about 776%. Energy policymakers should enhance the installation of smart energy, cloud energy solution, tokenization of energy system and storage.

关键词： energy intensity     energy elasticity     inter-fuel substitution prospects     energy contribution     Translog production approach     ridge regression    

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Dynamic mechanism for the decline of China’s energy intensity during the 11th FYP (Five-Year Plan)

Minghui LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 237-249 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0130-x

摘要： From 2006 to 2009, the aggregate energy intensity of China fell by 14.38%, which means that China has made substantial progress towards its goal of achieving approximately a 20% reduction in energy intensity during the period of the 11th FYP (Five-Year Plan). This paper describes some new properties of the mechanism for the decrease in China’s energy intensity since the beginning of the 11th FYP. First, compared with the period of the 10th FYP, technical, structural, and residential energy-savings have been improved to a certain extent. Secondly, unlike the dynamic mechanism before 2000, technical energy savings have been the main driver of momentum since the beginning of the 11th FYP. Next, although structural energy savings are not the main factor, they are still a key factor for the decrease in energy intensity. Finally, residential energy savings are still a stable driver of momentum for the decline in China’s energy intensity.

关键词： energy intensity     structural energy savings     technical energy savings    

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Synthesis and characterization of phosphotungstic acid/activated carbon as a novel ultrasound oxidative

Liyan LIU, Yu ZHANG, Wei TAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 422-427 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1353-2

摘要： Phosphotungstic acid/activated carbon (PTA/AC) catalysts with various AC sizes or PTA content have been synthesized and characterized by N physisorption, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. These catalysts were then evaluated in terms of the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process. The results showed that the DBT conversion obviously increased with the decrease of AC support size and the increase of PTA content. After supporting PTA on AC, the DBT conversion can be improved by 38.9% after ultrasound irradiation for 10 min. In addition, the stability tests of PTA/AC showed that the catalytic oxidative activity of PTA/AC was nearly kept constant after ultrasound irradiation for 20 min, which makes it a promising catalyst to use in ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process.

关键词： phosphotungstic acid     activated carbon     ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization    

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Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements

Gang WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 44-52 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0138-x

摘要： Ground motion intensity measures are usually used to predict the earthquake-induced displacements in earth dams, soil slopes and soil structures. In this study, the efficiency of various single ground motion intensity measures (scalar ) or a combination of them (vector ) are investigated using the PEER-NGA strong motion database and an equivalent-linear sliding-mass model. Although no single intensity measure is efficient enough for all slope conditions, the spectral acceleration at 1.5 times of the initial slope period and Arias intensity of the input motion are found to be the most efficient scalar for flexible slopes and stiff slopes respectively. Vector can incorporate different characteristics of the ground motion and thus significantly improve the efficiency over a wide range of slope conditions. Among various vector considered, the spectral accelerations at multiple spectral periods achieve high efficiency for a wide range of slope conditions. This study provides useful guidance to the development of more efficient empirical prediction models as well as the ground motion selection criteria for time domain analysis of seismic slope displacements.

关键词： seismic slope displacements     intensity measures     empirical prediction    

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Anefficient quadrature demodulator for medical ultrasound imaging

Hao ZHOU,Yin-fei ZHENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第4期   页码 301-310 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400205

摘要： Quadrature demodulation is used in medical ultrasound imaging to derive the envelope and instantaneous phase of the received radio-frequency (RF) signal. In quadrature demodulation, RF signal is multiplied with the sine and cosine wave reference signal and then low-pass filtered to produce the base-band complex signal, which has high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose an efficient quadrature demodulation method for B-mode and color flow imaging, in which the RF signal is demodulated by a pair of finite impulse response filters without mixing with the reference signal, to reduce the computational complexity. The proposed method was evaluated with simulation and in vivo experiments. From the simulation results, the proposed quadrature demodulation method produced similar normalized residual sum of squares (NRSS) and velocity profile compared with the conventional quadrature demodulation method. In the in vivo color flow imaging experiments, the time of the demodulation process was 5.66 ms and 3.36 ms, for the conventional method and the proposed method, respectively. These results indicated that the proposed method can maintain the performance of quadrature demodulation while reducing computational complexity.

关键词： B-mode ultrasound imaging     Color flow imaging     Quadrature demodulation     Finite impulse response filter    

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Does financial development lower energy intensity?

Philip Kofi ADOM, Michael Owusu APPIAH, Mawunyo Prosper AGRADI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 620-634 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0619-x

摘要： The growth-induced effects of financial development have been well-established in the empirical literature, as well as the significance of financial development to energy demand behavior. However, the empirical evidence on the relationship between financial development and energy intensity remains sparse in the literature. Given the multifaceted nature of the effects of financial development, the proposed relationship seems a complex one and warrants an empirical investigation. Using the case of Ghana, this study provides an empirical answer to the question: does financial development lower energy intensity? To provide solid grounds for either rejection or acceptance of the null hypothesis, this study performed several robustness checks. Generally, the evidence revealed that financial development lowers energy intensity. Further, the results revealed that the price of energy, trade liberalization and industry structure play significant roles. These results have important implications for the design of macro energy efficiency policies and the creation of a ‘Green Bank’.

关键词： financial development     energy intensity     energy efficiency     Ghana    

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Using ultrasound to improve the sequential post-synthesis modification method for making mesoporous Y

Rongxin Zhang, Peinan Zhong, Hamidreza Arandiyan, Yanan Guan, Jinmin Liu, Na Wang, Yilai Jiao, Xiaolei Fan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 275-287 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1905-1

摘要： Mesoporous Y zeolites were prepared by the sequential chemical dealumination (using chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, H EDTA, and citric acid aqueous solutions) and alkaline desilication (using sodium hydroxide, NaOH, aqueous solutions) treatments. Specifically, the ultrasound-assisted alkaline treatment (i.e., ultrasonic treatment) was proposed as the alternative to conventional alkaline treatments which are performed under hydrothermal conditions. In comparison with the hydrothermal alkaline treatment, the ultrasonic treatment showed the comparatively enhanced efficiency (with the reduced treatment time, i.e., 5 min vs. 30 min, all with 0.2 mol·L NaOH at 65°C) in treating the dealuminated Y zeolites for creating mesoporosity. For example, after the treatment of a dealuminated zeolite Y (using 0.1 mol·L H EDTA at 100°C for 6 h), the ultrasonic treatment produced the mesoporous zeolite Y with the specific external surface area ( ) of 160 m ·g and mesopore volume ( ) of 0.22 cm ·g , being slightly higher than that by the conventional method (i.e., = 128 m ·g and = 0.19 cm ·g ). The acidic property and catalytic activity (in catalytic cracking of -octane) of mesoporous Y zeolites obtained by the two methods were comparable. The ultrasonic desilication treatment was found to be generic, also being effective to treat the dealuminated Y zeolites by citric acid. Additionally, the first step of chemical dealumination treatment was crucial to enable the effective creation of mesopores in the parent Y zeolite (with a silicon-to-aluminium ratio, Si/Al= 2.6) regardless of the subsequent alkaline desilication treatment (i.e., ultrasonic or hydrothermal). Therefore, appropriate selection of the condition of the chemical dealumination treatment based on the property of parent zeolites, such as Si/Al ratio and crystallinity, is important for making mesoporous zeolites effectively.

关键词： zeolite Y     mesoporous zeolite     post-synthesis treatment     ultrasound     chemical dealumination treatment     alkaline desilication treatment    

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Ultrasound-mediated targeted microbubbles: a new vehicle for cancer therapy

Junxiao YE, Huining HE, Junbo GONG, Weibing DONG, Yongzhuo HUANG, Jianxin WANG, Guanyi CHEN, Victor C YANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 20-28 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1311-z

摘要： With the hope of overcoming the serious side effects, great endeavor has been made in tumor-targeted chemotherapy, and various drug delivery modalities and drug carriers have been made to decrease systemic toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Scientists from home and abroad focus on the research of targeted microbubbles contrast agent, and the use of the targeted ultrasound microbubble contrast agent can carry gene drugs and so on to the target tissue, as well as mediated tumor cell apoptosis and tumor microvascular thrombosis block, etc., thus plays the role of targeted therapy. Recent studies have elucidated the mechanisms of drug release and absorption, however, much work remains to be done in order to develop a successful and optimal system. In this review, we summarized the continuing efforts in understanding the usage of the ultrasound triggered target microbubbles in cancer therapy, from release mechanism to preparation methods. The latest applications of ultrasound-triggered targeted microbubbles in cancer therapy, especially in gene therapy and antiangiogenic cancer therapy were discussed. Moreover, we concluded that as a new technology, ultrasound–triggered targeted microbubbles used as drug carriers and imaging agents are still energetic and are very likely to be translated into clinic in the near future.

关键词： ultrasound-mediated     targeted microbubbles     cancer    

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Determining “abnormal” levator hiatus distensibility using three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound

Chaoran Dou, Qin Li, Tao Ying, Yulin Yan, Xia Wang, Bing Hu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第5期   页码 572-579 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0561-4

摘要：

The dimension of the levator hiatus is a possible predictor of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This retrospective study investigated 360 women who went to urogynecological clinic for pelvic floor discomfort. Levator hiatus dimensions were obtained by three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound and results were compared between women with and without significantly objective prolapse (International Continence Society POP quantification, grade 2 or higher). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine valid screening index for detecting abnormal levator hiatus distensibility. Women with significantly objective prolapse had significantly higher levator hiatus dimensions than those without (all P <0.001). ROC curve analyses confirmed that hiatal area (HA) of 19.5 cm2 during Valsalva maneuver can be used as single-screening index for abnormal levator hiatus distensibility with sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.70. In this study, we used a two-step method and achieved higher sensibility (0.80 vs. 0.87) without reducing specificity (0.70 vs. 0.71) compared with a single-screening index method. As a result, we suggest that HA≥19.5 cm2 during Valsalva maneuver is an indicator of abnormal levator hiatus distensibility in Chinese women and that the two-step method has higher sensitivity in detecting abnormal distensibility.

关键词： three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound     levator hiatus     levator ani muscle     pelvic organ prolapse    

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Study of ultrasound-promoted, lipase-catalyzed synthesis of fructose ester

Kai ZHU, Hui LIU, Pingfang HAN, Ping WEI,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 367-371 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0312-4

摘要： The effect of low energy ultrasound in biochemistry and biotechnology has attracted great attention in recent years. It can enhance substrate dissolution and improve mass transfer within and outside of a cell, both of which are beneficial to the synthesis of fructose ester. Here we describe the experimental study of the effect of ultrasounds of different intensity on the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of fructose ester in the solvent butanone. The results were compared with control reactions performed with no ultrasound. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were used for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results show the following: 1) the concentration of mono-ester and diester increased with the reaction time, either with or without ultrasonic irradiation. Low energy ultrasound accelerated the reaction due to the effect of ultrasonic steady cavitations, and high energy ultrasound was not beneficial to the reaction. 2) The application of ultrasound played an important role in our lipase-catalyzed reaction. It decreased reaction time as compared to a reaction without ultrasound that resulted in the same yield, increased reaction rate, and enhanced the amount of fructose ester produced. When the frequency was 10 kHz and sound intensity was 0.16 W·m, the concentration of ester was twofold more than without ultrasonic irradiation after a reaction time of up to 12 h. With the proper ultrasonic parameters, the overall concentration of production appeared to increase exponentially with the reaction time. 3) Ultrasound had little effect on the initial reaction rate, and continuous ultrasonic irradiation was favorable for the reaction. The longer the reaction continued, the more obvious the effects of the ultrasound became in our experiments.
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Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0909-1

摘要： The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and neutrality. This paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys, including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants, transport by tube trailers, storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs), and application for use in two different cities. It also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) has the best environmental performance but the highest energy cost. However, a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current system. The carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1% in City A and 43.8% in City B. It only takes 11.0%–20.1% of the BEV emission and 8.2%–9.8% of the ICEV emission. The cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1% in City A. Further improvement can be obtained with an economical and “greener” hydrogen production pathway.

关键词： hydrogen energy     life-cycle assessment (LCA)     fuel cell vehicle     carbon emission     energy cost    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

High-intensity focused ultrasound tumor ablation: Review of ten years of clinical experience

Lian ZHANG, Zhi-Biao WANG

期刊论文

Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge

LIU Hong, YAN Yixin, WANG Wenyan, YU Yongyong

期刊论文

Studies of ultrasound disintegration of residual sludge and its energy consumption in water treatment

SHEN Jinfeng, YIN Xuan, GU Heping, Lv Xiaoping

期刊论文

Influence of sprinkler irrigation droplet diameter, application intensity and specific power on flower

Yisheng ZHANG, Delan ZHU

期刊论文

Impact of inter-fuel substitution on energy intensity in Ghana

Boqiang LIN, Hermas ABUDU

期刊论文

Dynamic mechanism for the decline of China’s energy intensity during the 11th FYP (Five-Year Plan)

Minghui LI

期刊论文

Synthesis and characterization of phosphotungstic acid/activated carbon as a novel ultrasound oxidative

Liyan LIU, Yu ZHANG, Wei TAN

期刊论文

Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements

Gang WANG

期刊论文

Anefficient quadrature demodulator for medical ultrasound imaging

Hao ZHOU,Yin-fei ZHENG

期刊论文

Does financial development lower energy intensity?

Philip Kofi ADOM, Michael Owusu APPIAH, Mawunyo Prosper AGRADI

期刊论文

Using ultrasound to improve the sequential post-synthesis modification method for making mesoporous Y

Rongxin Zhang, Peinan Zhong, Hamidreza Arandiyan, Yanan Guan, Jinmin Liu, Na Wang, Yilai Jiao, Xiaolei Fan

期刊论文

Ultrasound-mediated targeted microbubbles: a new vehicle for cancer therapy

Junxiao YE, Huining HE, Junbo GONG, Weibing DONG, Yongzhuo HUANG, Jianxin WANG, Guanyi CHEN, Victor C YANG

期刊论文

Determining “abnormal” levator hiatus distensibility using three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound

Chaoran Dou, Qin Li, Tao Ying, Yulin Yan, Xia Wang, Bing Hu

期刊论文

Study of ultrasound-promoted, lipase-catalyzed synthesis of fructose ester

Kai ZHU, Hui LIU, Pingfang HAN, Ping WEI,

期刊论文

Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

期刊论文