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Role of brown adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome, aging, and cancer cachexia
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 页码 130-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0555-2
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a fundamental role in maintaining body temperature by producing heat. BAT that had been know to exist only in mammals and the human neonate has received great attention for the treatment of obesity and diabetes due to its important function in energy metabolism, ever since it is recently reported that human adults have functional BAT. In addition, beige adipocytes, brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), have also been shown to take part in whole body metabolism. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that transplantation or activation of BAT or/and beige adipocytes reversed obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, many genes involved in BAT activation and/or the recruitment of beige cells have been found, thereby providing new promising strategies for future clinical application of BAT activation to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. This review focuses on recent advances of BAT function in the metabolic aspect and the relationship between BAT and cancer cachexia, a pathological process accompanied with decreased body weight and increased energy expenditure in cancer patients. The underlying possible mechanisms to reduce BAT mass and its activity in the elderly are also discussed.
关键词： brown adipose tissue beige adipocyte anti-obesity anti-diabetes cancer cachexia aging
《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1003-0
关键词： Lipin3 Lipin1 hypertriglyceridemia obesity mitochondrial dysfunction
New practice in semaglutide on type-2 diabetes and obesity: clinical evidence and expectation
《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期 页码 17-24 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0873-2
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0377-z
In obesity, chronic inflammation is believed to induce insulin resistance and impairs adipose tissue function. Although this view is supported by a large body of literature, it has been challenged by growing evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines may favor insulin sensitivity through induction of energy expenditure. In this review article, interleukin 15 (IL-15) is used as a new example to explain the beneficial effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-15 is secreted by multiple types of cells including macrophages, neutrophils and skeletal muscle cells. IL-15 expression is induced in immune cells by endotoxin and in muscle cells by physical exercise. Its transcription is induced by transcription factor NF-κB. IL-15 binds to its receptor that contains three different subunits (α, β and γ) to activate JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, IKK/NF-κB and JNK/AP1 pathways in cells. In the regulation of metabolism, IL-15 reduces weight gain without inhibiting food intake in rodents. IL-15 suppresses lipogenesis, stimulates brown fat function, improves insulin sensitivity through weight loss and energy expenditure. In human, circulating IL-15 is negatively associated with body weight. In the immune system, IL-15 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. In the anti-obesity effects of IL-15, T cells and NK cells are not required, but leptin receptor is required. In summary, evidence from human and rodents supports that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-15 may enhance energy expenditure to protect the body from obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IL-15 action remains to be fully uncovered in the regulation of energy expenditure.
关键词： inflammation obesity cytokine energy expenditure insulin resistance
Early-life famine exposure, adulthood obesity patterns, and risk of low-energy fracture
《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1023-9
关键词： famine obesity body mass index waist-to-hip ratio low-energy fracture
Interplay between diet and genetic susceptibility in obesity and related traits
Tiange Wang, Min Xu, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning
《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 页码 601-607 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0648-6
The incidence of obesity has been rapidly increasing, and this condition has become a major public health threat. A substantial shift in environmental factors and lifestyle, such as unhealthy diet, is among the major driving forces of the global obesity pandemic. Longitudinal studies and randomized intervention trials have shown that genetic susceptibility to obesity may interact with dietary factors in relation to the body mass index and risk of obesity. This review summarized data from recent longitudinal studies and intervention studies on variations and diets and discussed the challenges and future prospects related to this area and public health implications.
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 146-161 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0373-8
Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years. Lifestyle change fuels obesity, but genetic factors cause more than 50% of average variations in obesity. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has hastened the progress of polygenic obesity research. As of this writing, more than 73 obesity susceptibility loci have been identified in ethnic groups through GWAS. The identified loci explain only 2% to 4% of obesity heritability, thereby indicating that a large proportion of loci remain undiscovered. Thus, the next step is to identify and confirm novel loci, which may exhibit smaller effects and lower allele frequencies than established loci. However, achieving these tasks has been difficult for researchers. GWAS help researchers discover the causal loci. Moreover, numerous biological studies have been performed on the polygenic effects on obesity, such as studies on fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), but the role of these polygenic effects in the mechanism of obesity remains unclear. Thus, obesity-causing variations should be identified, and insights into the biology of polygenic effects on obesity are needed.
关键词： obesity genetics genome-wide association studies body mass index fat mass- and obesity-associated gene
Mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity: a role of ATP
《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 页码 372-382 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0862-5
关键词： type 2 diabetes energy expenditure mitochondria hyperinsulinemia hyperglucagonemia AMPK
Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention
Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon
《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 页码 658-666 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1
关键词： obesity children adolescents epidemiology risk factor prevention
Obesity in China: its characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and implications
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 129-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0387-x
Obesity-related glomerulopathy: pathogenesis, pathologic, clinical characteristics and treatment
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 页码 340-348 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0570-3
In light of the rapid increase in the number of obesity incidences worldwide, obesity has become an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is characterized by glomerulomegaly in the presence or absence of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. IgM and complement 3 (C3) nonspecifically deposit in lesions without immune-complex-type deposits during ORG immunofluorescence. ORG-associated glomerulomegaly and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis can superimpose on other renal pathologies. The mechanisms under ORG are complex, especially hemodynamic changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reduced functioning nephrons. These mechanisms synergize with obesity to induce end-stage renal disease. A slow increase of subnephrotic proteinuria (<3.5 g/d) is the most common clinical manifestation of ORG. Several treatment methods for ORG have been developed. Of these methods, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade and weight loss are proven effective. Targeting mitochondria may offer a novel strategy for ORG therapy. Nevertheless, more research is needed to further understand ORG.
关键词： obesity-related glomerulopathy pathogenesis pathologic clinical characteristics
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期 页码 266-276 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0530-y
Childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications are induced by a high-fat postnatal diet. The lack of a suitable animal model, however, remains a considerable challenge in obesity studies. In the current study, we provided high-fat diet (HFD) to dams during lactation and to pups after weaning. We also developed a novel model of C57BL/6J mouse pups with HFD-induced postnatal obesity. Results showed that feeding with HFD induces fat deposition and obesity in pups. Furthermore, HFD more potently increased the body weight (BW) of male than female pups. HFD-fed female pups were obese, underwent precocious puberty, and showed increased kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus. However, parental obesity and precocious puberty exerted no synergistic effects on the HFD-induced postnatal weight gain and puberty onset of the pups. Interestingly, some HFD-fed litters with normal BW also exhibited precocious puberty. This finding suggested that diet composition but not BW triggers puberty onset. Our model suggests good construction validity of obesity and precocious puberty. Furthermore, our model can also be used to explore the mutual interactions between diet–induced postnatal childhood obesity and puberty.
关键词： postnatal HFD feeding obesity kisspeptin HPG axis precocious puberty
Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea
So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon
《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 页码 707-716 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0660-x
Understanding obesity in children is crucial because it can lead to adulthood obesity and result in fatal chronic diseases. Distinctive factors associated with obesity in adults have been described, but distinctive factors related to children remain unclear. We analyzed the correlation between the percentage of body mass index and lifestyle habits by conducting surveys on physical, nutritional, and psychological factors, and we used annual physical examination data to compare different traits among elementary school students (n = 197) and middle school students (n = 461). Our study revealed that the computing hours in elementary school students with overweight and obesity were significantly correlated with the percentage of body mass index (r = 0.29 on school days and r = 0.35 on days off, all P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found (all P>0.05) in the computing hours of middle school students with overweight and obesity. Childhood obesity can cause depression and reduce children’s quality of life because of their distorted body perception. In conclusion, physical factors directly affecting childhood obesity and psychological and environmental factors surrounding a child should be considered.
关键词： screen time quality of life eating habits childhood obesity percentage of body mass index
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期 页码 306-332 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023488
● Using visual analysis to predict the trend of natural product pest resistance.
关键词： anti-pest activity crop protection insect pest natural product visual analysis
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Haploinsufficiency of Lipin3 leads to hypertriglyceridemia and obesity by disrupting the expression and
期刊论文
Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes
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期刊论文
Interplay between diet and genetic susceptibility in obesity and related traits
Tiange Wang, Min Xu, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning
期刊论文
Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies
null
期刊论文
Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention
Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon
期刊论文
Obesity-related glomerulopathy: pathogenesis, pathologic, clinical characteristics and treatment
null
期刊论文
Postnatal feeding with high-fat diet induces obesity and precocious puberty in C57BL/6J mouse pups: anovel model of obesity and puberty
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期刊论文
Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea
So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon
期刊论文
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