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Construction risks of Huaying mount tunnel and countermeasures

Haibo YAO, Feng GAO, Shigang YU, Wei DANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 279-285 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0414-x

摘要： The Chongqing-Guang’an motorway is planned to cross Huaying mount at Jingguan town of Chongqing city. The whole mount is a colossal anticline whose core is consisted of coal measure strata (upper Permian Longtan formation P l) and the limbs are limestone strata (middle Triassic Leikoupo formation T l and lower Triassic Jialingjiang formation T j). The tunneling is full of risks of collapse, gas explosion or gas outburst, water (mud) inrush, gas inrush because of existence of faults, high pressure gas, karst tectonics and coal goafs around the tunnel. In order to cope with the high risk, two main countermeasures were taken to ensure security of construction. One is geology prediction, and the other is automatic wireless real-time monitoring system, which contains monitoring of video, wind speed, poisonous gas (CH , CO, H S, SO ), people location, and automatic power-off equipment while gas contents being more than warning threshold. These ascertained the engineering safety effectively.

关键词： tunnel?construction gas?outburst geology?prediction automatic?monitoring?system

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宜万铁路岩溶隧道施工地质技术

申志军

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第12期页码 47-52

摘要：

以宜万铁路岩溶隧道的施工地质技术实践为例，介绍了施工地质作为工程勘察阶段工程地质勘探在施工阶段的延续，用以在施工过程中解决勘察阶段所没有或不能解决的工程地质问题。施工地质以超前地质预测预报为主体，以规避大型施工地质灾害为目的，在施工阶段针对可能发生的隧道围岩变更；可能存在的溶腔、断层构造、地下暗河的预测预报；可能引发的水文环境地质问题；工程竣工以后可能存在的隐伏地质病害等，在隧道施工环境条件下为保证施工进度、保证施工安全、保证工程效益、保证工程质量所进行的综合工程地质工作。施工地质包括综合超前地质预报、水文观测和隧道周边及隧底隐伏岩溶探查。

关键词：宜万铁路岩溶隧道综合超前地质预报水文监测

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海底隧道断层破碎带信息化施工

杨会军,王梦恕,卓越,罗嵩

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 57-64

摘要：

海底隧道开挖支护施工难度很大、安全风险极高，结合国内第二条海底隧道断层破碎带施工。采用地质调查、隧道地震勘探法(TSP法)、隧道内超前钻孔等方法，通过数据分析处理，预测了掌子面前方45 m范围内的基本地质条件，如岩性、规模、位置的长期超前地质预报，以及精度较高的短期超前地质预报，据此综合超前地质预报结果，采取上半断面全断面超前预注浆加固地层、台阶法开挖、加强支护。同时，对施工中水平收敛、拱顶下沉等监控量测数据进行分析，动态反馈于施工过程中，此即海底隧道断层破碎带信息化施工。该方法在施工中取得令人满意的结果。

关键词：海底隧道断层破碎带综合超前地质预报超前预注浆信息化施工

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我国工程地质遥感技术应用特点与若干问题探讨

卓宝熙

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 87-92

摘要：

简要介绍了工程选线、选址勘测中遥感技术的应用概况；阐述了工程地质遥感技术应用的特点，认为工程地质遥感技术应用有别于其他领域；强调了我国工程地质遥感技术应用与其他国家不同，形成了我国自己的应用特点，这些特点是由我国国情决定的；探讨了工程地质遥感技术应用的若干问题，包括遥感图像判释，遥感图像处理、数据综合分析、施工阶段遥感技术应用等。

关键词：工程地质遥感特点若干问题探讨

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珊瑚岛礁环境噪声成像 Article

夏少红, 张昌榕, 曹敬贺

《工程（英文）》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 182-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.022

摘要：

As valuable land in the ocean, coral islands are not only important bases for making use of marine resources and protecting marine rights and interests, but also important for breakthrough research in many fields of earth science. Hence, the economical and efficient determination of the underground structure of coral islands has become significant in coral island engineering geology, but remains challenging for traditional marine geophysical prospecting and drilling methods. While ambient noise tomography with dense arrays has been widely used in continental regions, its applicability to coral islands remains undetermined. In this study, based on the data recorded by a dense array on an isolated coral island in the South China Sea, we analyzed the ambient noise characteristics and obtained a 3D subsurface structure of the coral island using ambient noise tomography. We made the following findings: ① The ambient noise frequencies can be roughly categorized into three levels: < 1, 1–5, and > 5 Hz. The spectral characteristics of the noise below 5 Hz were consistent at different stations, but there were significant differences in the characteristics of the noise above 5 Hz. ② For ambient noise frequencies below 5 Hz, cross-correlation functions with high quality could be obtained with only 24 h of waveform data. However, it was difficult to extract meaningful cross-correlation functions for ambient noise frequencies above 5 Hz. ③ The S-wave velocity in the coral island was higher toward the sea and lower toward the lagoon, which was consistent with the high degree of cementation of the outer reef flat stratum on the seaward side. ④ There were two low-velocity horizons at 25–75 and 200–300 m, which were in good agreement with the high-porosity horizons that were revealed by drilling core samples, reflecting the weathering history of the reef. Our research demonstrates that ambient noise tomography is a potentially economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the geological prospecting of coral reefs.

关键词： Coral island Ambient noise tomography Engineering geology South China Sea

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关于环境地质学若干基本问题的探讨

刘广润

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第4期页码 27-30

摘要：

简要阐述了笔者对有关环境地质学的一些基本问题的见解，包括环境地质与地质环境的科学涵义；环境地质学与相关学科的关系；地质环境保护在整个环境保护中的应有地位；地质灾害的形成步骤及其防治途径；环境地质学中急待完善的领域等。同时也涉及整个环境科学的一些问题。

关键词：环境地质地质环境地质环境保护地质灾害防治

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地球卫星遥感影像解译中国台湾地区的构造系统

胡东生,张华京

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第4期页码 77-81

摘要：

运用区域地质调查资料和地球卫星遥感资料进行综合分析，发现并确定和划分了环形构造系统、北北东向构造系统、南北向构造系统、北东向构造系统和弧形构造系统等5套构造系统。采用结构面组合及配套的方法恢复重建构造演化序次和形成时期并讨论了地质发展过程等问题，为研究东亚构造域和板块运动以及大陆板内构造活动提供新信息。

关键词：区域地质特征构造基本型式构造演化次序地质学意义中国台湾

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基于矿物异常分析的隧道内不良地质识别方法及案例分析 Article

许振浩, 余腾飞, 林鹏, 李术才

《工程（英文）》 2023年第27卷第8期页码 150-160 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.013

摘要：本研究提出了一种基于矿物异常分析的隧道不良地质识别方法（adverse geology identification through mineral anomaly analysis, AGIMAA），

关键词：矿物异常不良地质断层蚀变异常阈值

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Spatial prediction of soil contamination based on machine learning: a review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1693-1

摘要：

● A review of machine learning (ML) for spatial prediction of soil contamination.

关键词： Soil contamination Machine learning Prediction Spatial distribution

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Hybrid deep learning model for risk prediction of fracture in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 496-506 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0828-7

摘要： The fracture risk of patients with diabetes is higher than those of patients without diabetes due to hyperglycemia, usage of diabetes drugs, changes in insulin levels, and excretion, and this risk begins as early as adolescence. Many factors including demographic data (such as age, height, weight, and gender), medical history (such as smoking, drinking, and menopause), and examination (such as bone mineral density, blood routine, and urine routine) may be related to bone metabolism in patients with diabetes. However, most of the existing methods are qualitative assessments and do not consider the interactions of the physiological factors of humans. In addition, the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis has not been further studied previously. In this paper, a hybrid model combining XGBoost with deep neural network is used to predict the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis, and investigate the effect of patients’ physiological factors on fracture risk. A total of 147 raw input features are considered in our model. The presented model is compared with several benchmarks based on various metrics to prove its effectiveness. Moreover, the top 18 influencing factors of fracture risks of patients with diabetes are determined.

关键词： XGBoost deep neural network healthcare risk prediction

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Position-varying surface roughness prediction method considering compensated acceleration in milling

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 855-867 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0649-z

摘要： Machined surface roughness will affect parts’ service performance. Thus, predicting it in the machining is important to avoid rejects. Surface roughness will be affected by system position dependent vibration even under constant parameter with certain toolpath processing in the finishing. Aiming at surface roughness prediction in the machining process, this paper proposes a position-varying surface roughness prediction method based on compensated acceleration by using regression analysis. To reduce the stochastic error of measuring the machined surface profile height, the surface area is repeatedly measured three times, and Pauta criterion is adopted to eliminate abnormal points. The actual vibration state at any processing position is obtained through the single-point monitoring acceleration compensation model. Seven acceleration features are extracted, and valley, which has the highest R-square proving the effectiveness of the filtering features, is selected as the input of the prediction model by mutual information coefficients. Finally, by comparing the measured and predicted surface roughness curves, they have the same trends, with the average error of 16.28% and the minimum error of 0.16%. Moreover, the prediction curve matches and agrees well with the actual surface state, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the model.

关键词： surface roughness prediction compensated acceleration milling thin-walled workpiece

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Improved prediction of pile bending moment and deflection due to adjacent braced excavation

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0961-2

摘要： Deep excavations in dense urban areas have caused damage to nearby existing structures in numerous past construction cases. Proper assessment is crucial in the initial design stages. This study develops equations to predict the existing pile bending moment and deflection produced by adjacent braced excavations. Influential parameters (i.e., the excavation geometry, diaphragm wall thickness, pile geometry, strength and small-strain stiffness of the soil, and soft clay thickness) were considered and employed in the developed equations. It is practically unfeasible to obtain measurement data; hence, artificial data for the bending moment and deflection of existing piles were produced from well-calibrated numerical analyses of hypothetical cases, using the three-dimensional finite element method. The developed equations were established through a multiple linear regression analysis of the artificial data, using the transformation technique. In addition, the three-dimensional nature of the excavation work was characterized by considering the excavation corner effect, using the plane strain ratio parameter. The estimation results of the developed equations can provide satisfactory pile bending moment and deflection data and are more accurate than those found in previous studies.

关键词： pile responses excavation prediction deflection bending moments

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TBM施工隧洞不良地质超前预报实践——以吉林省中部城市引松供水工程为例 Article

李术才, 聂利超, 刘斌

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 131-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.010

摘要：

由于隧洞掘进机（TBM）施工具有快速、安全、高效的显著优势, 采用TBM 施工的隧洞越来越多。然而，TBM 施工对地层的适应性较差，在施工过程中遭遇的诸如溶洞、断层或破碎带等不良地质，往往会造成突水突泥、塌方、卡机等灾害，严重危及施工安全。因此，提前探明掌子面前方的不良地质体及其含水情况极为重要。针对TBM 施工隧洞的复杂环境，本文以吉林引松供水工程TBM 施工隧洞为依托，综合运用地质分析、三维激发极化与地震超前地质预报方法，提出了适用于TBM 隧洞施工期的综合超前地质预报技术体系，对TBM 施工隧洞掌子面前方的溶洞、断层破碎带等不良地质进行了准确的预报。避免了隧洞突水突泥、塌方、卡机灾害的发生，对于TBM施工隧洞不良地质超前预报与TBM 安全高效掘进具有一定借鉴意义。

关键词： TBM 隧洞综合超前预报地质分析三维激发极化法地震法不良地质体

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Reliability prediction and its validation for nuclear power units in service

Jinyuan SHI,Yong WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 479-488 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0425-7

摘要： In this paper a novel method for reliability prediction and validation of nuclear power units in service is proposed. The equivalent availability factor is used to measure the reliability, and the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours and maintenance factor are used for the measurement of inherent reliability. By statistical analysis of historical reliability data, the statistical maintenance factor and the undetermined parameter in its numerical model can be determined. The numerical model based on the maintenance factor predicts the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours, and the planed outage factor can be obtained by using the planned maintenance days. Using these factors, the equivalent availability factor of nuclear power units in the following 3 years can be obtained. Besides, the equivalent availability factor can be predicted by using the historical statistics of planed outage factor and the predicted equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours. The accuracy of the reliability prediction can be evaluated according to the comparison between the predicted and statistical equivalent availability factors. Furthermore, the reliability prediction method is validated using the nuclear power units in North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) and China. It is found that the relative errors of the predicted equivalent availability factors for nuclear power units of NERC and China are in the range of –2.16% to 5.23% and –2.15% to 3.71%, respectively. The method proposed can effectively predict the reliability index in the following 3 years, thus providing effective reliability management and maintenance optimization methods for nuclear power units.

关键词： nuclear power units in service reliability reliability prediction equivalent availability factors

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Trend prediction technology of condition maintenance for large water injection units

Xiaoli XU, Sanpeng DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第2期页码 171-175 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0091-0

摘要： Trend prediction technology is the key technology to achieve condition-based maintenance of mechanical equipment. Large-sized water injection units are key equipment in oilfields. The traditional preventive maintenance is not economical and cannot completely avoid vicious accidents. To ensure the normal operation of units and save maintenance costs, trend prediction technology is studied to achieve condition-based maintenance for water injection units. The main methods of the technology are given, the trend prediction method based on neural network is put forward, and the expert system based on the knowledge is developed. The industrial site verification shows that the proposed trend prediction technology can reflect the operating condition trend change of the water injection units and provide technical means to achieve condition-based predictive maintenance.

关键词： water injection units condition-based maintenance trend prediction