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Highlights of the special issue on “Healthy Soil for Healthy Food”

Junling ZHANG, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 233-235 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020345

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Healthy people, healthy journal

Sai-Juan CHEN, Xiao-Ping CHEN, Guang-Biao ZHOU,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0022-9

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Digital twin for healthy indoor environment: A vision for the post-pandemic era

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 300-318 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0244-y

摘要： Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90% of their time indoors. The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment. The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation. Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management, very few have focused on the health of indoor environment. There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment. Therefore, this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health. Specifically, the current applications of BIM, IoT sensing, data analytics, and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed, and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health. Moreover, this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues. This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.

关键词： digital twin healthy indoor environment building information modeling occupant–building interaction COVID-19

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HARNESSING BIODIVERSITY FOR HEALTHY DAIRY FARMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 238-244 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022445

摘要：

Producing sufficient high-quality forage to meet the increasing domestic demand for safe and nutritious milk products is one of the critical challenges that Chinese dairy farms are facing. The increased forage biomass production, mainly contributed by agrochemicals inputs in China, is accompanied by tremendous impacts on the ecology of dairy farms and soil quality. This paper presents a framework for healthy dairy farms in which targeted management practices are applied for quality milk products with minimal adverse environmental impacts. The paper also summarizes biodiversity management practices at the field and landscape scales toward lessening inputs of water, fertilizers, pesticides and mitigating soil compaction. Dairy farming with biodiversity-driven technologies and solutions will be more productive in producing quality milk and minimizing environmental damage.

关键词： biodiversity / dairy farm / one health concept / soil health

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Attitude toward preventive counseling and healthy practices among medical students at a Colombian university

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 251-259 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0393-z

摘要：

Unhealthy behaviors of medical students influence their attitudes toward preventive counseling. The burden of chronic diseases is continually growing in developing countries, emphasizing the need for the increased role of general practitioners in preventive counseling. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of medical training on the risk profiles and attitudes of medical students toward preventive counseling in a Colombian university. Students in their first and fifth years of training were surveyed using the “Healthy Doctor= Healthy Patient” questionnaire to assess counseling attitudes; personal practices, such as risky drinking, smoking, inadequate nutrition, and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations; and the university environment. The association among these components was estimated, as well as the effect of the university environment. Risky drinking and smoking decreased from first to fifth year (59.3% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.021 and 31.5% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.51, respectively), whereas inadequate nutrition and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations increased. Physical activity (PA) was associated with positive counseling attitude (ORs: nutrition 7.6; alcohol 5.2; PA 10.6). Areas governed by institutional policies that are emphasized in the curriculum positively affected student practices. PA promoted preventive counseling and healthy lifestyles most effectively. Universities should therefore strengthen their preventive medicine curricula and modify social determinants.

关键词： lifestyle medical students preventive medicine counseling universities schools medical

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Expression of protease-activated receptors on platelets in healthy individuals

Rui ZHU, Lin SHEN

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 236-239 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0040-7

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) on platelets in healthy individuals and preliminarily elucidate physiological functions of PARs. Thirty healthy volunteers, who did not take any anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents within 10 days before the examination, were recruited. Fasting venous blood (5 mL) was taken from the medial cubital vein in each individual and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared. The expression of PAR1 mRNA and PAR4 mRNA in PRP was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The results showed that the average levels of PAR1 mRNA and PAR4 mRNA on platelets in healthy individuals were 0.1601 ± 0.0269 and 0.1073 ± 0.0194 respectively. In combination with literature analysis, it was concluded that the thrombin signaling pathway plays a vital role in the development of hemostasis and thrombosis, and the selective PARs antagonist has the potential for extensive application in clinical practice.

关键词： protease-activated receptors platelet

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水环境恢复与城市水系统健康循环研究

张杰,李冬

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第3期页码 21-26

摘要：

研究了地球上水文循环及社会水循环的规律和互动关系，指出水环境、水资源和水循环是地球上水汽运动的统一体，剖析了当代水危机的根源,提出水环境恢复和社会用水健康循环理论及实施方略，并在多座城市水系统规划应用中取得了良好效果。

关键词：城市水环境水系统健康循环

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水产健康养殖理念与发展对策

叶乃好,庄志猛,王清印

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第3期页码 101-104 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.017

摘要：

随着水产养殖业规模的扩大和养殖集约化程度逐步提高，人们对产量的片面追求导致养殖环境日趋恶化，病害发生率越来越高，水产品的质量不断下滑，安全问题成为人们关注的焦点。本文从水产健康养殖理念的形成与发展、涉及关键技术问题以及发展趋势等方面探讨了水产健康养殖的重要性和紧迫性，并从科研、技术、产业和政策法规等方面对水产健康养殖的实施和推广提出了一些建议和对策。

关键词：水产健康养殖理念技术

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健康中国背景下“新医科”发展战略研究

何珂,汪玲

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 98-102 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.007

摘要：

本文从健康中国背景下“新医科”内涵出发，重点聚焦“新医科”人才培养体系建设，从服务健康中国建设的战略新要求、满足国家转型发展的外部新需求、符合医科自身改革的内在新诉求等三方面说明发展“新医科”的必要性和紧迫性，进一步阐述发展“新医科”的“1234”基本策略，即坚持“一个中心”的“新理念”，建立“两类平衡”的“新质量”，推动“三大协同”的“新体系”，强化“四种交叉”的“新模式”，并提出通过积极争取政府部门大力支持、全面推动医科人才整体发展和加快推进学科交叉融合创新等“新医科”发展政策建议，以期为健康中国建设培养高层次医学人才队伍提供有益参考。

关键词：健康中国新医科学科交叉融合

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Trends in serum lipid levels of healthy Chinese in Shanghai from 1973 to 1999

CHEN Haozhu, ZHOU Jun, CHEN Bin, ZHUANG Hanzhong, JIN Xuejuan, HAN Qingqing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 5-10 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0002-5

摘要： We assessed the secular trends in the serum lipid levels in Shanghai residents from 1973 to 1999. Data from four independent, cross-sectional, population-based surveys were used to analyze the trends in serum lipid levels from 1973 to 1999. A standard protocol was applied across each survey in at least three independent surveys which were separated a 10-year study period. A total of 10733 (1385, 3302, 2399, and 3647 subjects who had complete data on serum lipids in 1973–1974, 1982, 1983 and 1997–1999, respectively) Shanghai residents aged from newborn to 80 years old were enlisted at random. Serum lipid levels were measured in a single laboratory throughout the entire study period. A non-significant increase was noted from 1973–1974 to 1982–1983 in the serum lipid profiles; however, a significant increase was observed from 1982–1983 to 1997–1999 in most of the age groups of both sexes. Mean serum total cholesterol (TC) levels increased significantly ( < 0.05) over the entire study period (overall period covered: 1973–1999) in most age groups of both sexes. In males, the changes were from 7.3% to 23.2% and in females, from 9.0% to 21.6%, except in umbilical blood samples and in females over 60 years where insignificant results were observed. Similar trends were observed in the mean serum triglyceride (TG) and the mean serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, both in females and males. The majority show an upward trend. As for TGs, the changes were from 27.5% to 82.7% in males and from 13.2% to 54.6% in females. As for LDL-c the changes were from 34.9% to 71.0% in males and from 31.9% to 63.6% in females. Mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were decreased significantly from 1982–1983 to 1997–1999, with the changes from -13.2% to -38.6% in males and from -9.8% to -21.7% in females. The ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-c) increased dramatically during this period because of a concurrent decline in the levels of HDL-c and the increase in the levels of TC. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (To achieve the normal range of serum TC and TG in healthy people of Shanghai, we determined the cut-off point in the cumulative frequency curve as the 95% percentile of the data collected by the survey in 1973–1974. The results show that the 95% cut-off point for TC was 220 mg/dL, while for TG, it was 160 mg/dL.) increased significantly ( < 0.05). In males aged 20 to 40 years old, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was from 1.6% to 7.79%, and in ages> 40 it was from 5.5% to 11.57%. In females, it was 0 to 4.68% and 6.5% to 16.2%, respectively. In general, the trends in the levels of TC, TG and LDL-c were increasing and trends in the levels of HDL-c were decreasing in most age groups, especially, in the younger age group of Shanghai residents from 1980s to 1990s. These worrying findings are significant for its public health implications. Health education and health promotion are necessary to prevent the disease prevalence from rising in the Chinese population.

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Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review

Shuai Li, Zhiyao Yang, Da Hu, Liu Cao, Qiang He

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1357-3

摘要： Abstract • The built environment, occupants, and microbiomes constitute an integrated ecosystem. • This review summarizes research progress which has focused primarily on microbiomes. • Critical research needs include studying impacts of occupant behaviors on microbiomes. Built environments, occupants, and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another. Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effective management of the built environment and its inhabitants to enhance public health and well-being. Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the microbiomes of the built environment. This review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of built environments and occupant behaviors that shape the structure and dynamics of indoor microbial communities. In addition, this review also discusses the challenges and future research needs in the field of microbiomes of the built environment that necessitate research beyond the basic characterization of microbiomes in order to gain an understanding of the causal mechanisms between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which will provide a knowledge base for the development of transformative intervention strategies toward healthy built environments. The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which is the focus of this review.

关键词： Microbiome Built Environment Occupant Health

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推进健康乡村建设的挑战及对策研究

史华新,李哲,肖梦熊,王硕,黄璐琦

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第5期页码 157-162 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.05.020

摘要：

“没有全民健康，就没有全面小康”，健康扶贫在脱贫攻坚中作用显著，推进健康乡村建设是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果和实施乡村振兴战略的重要举措。我国乡村卫生健康事业较长时期内仍存在整体发展相对滞后、优质资源短缺、资源布局不合理等不足，仍需持续加强。本文通过开展政策研究、实地调研、数据分析、专家研讨等，总结了推进健康乡村建设的现实需求，梳理了健康扶贫取得的成效及面临的主要问题，提出了推进健康乡村建设的发展目标和方向，前瞻性地提出了对策建议。为有效控制因病致贫、返贫风险，更好满足人民群众对健康的多层次、多样化需求，研究建议，持续增加政府财政投入，科学优化卫生资源和人才资源布局；立足生命全周期、健康全过程，开展健康服务；发挥中医药的独特优势，筑牢乡村疫情防控底线；基于县域医联体/ 医共体机制，做好药品保障；建立医保基金区域调剂平衡机制，提升保障政策的精准度、公平性；实施乡村名医堂工程。

关键词：健康乡村，健康扶贫，中医药

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Soil biodiversity and crop diversification are vital components of healthy soils and agricultural sustainability

Junling ZHANG, Marcel G. A. van der HEIJDEN, Fusuo ZHANG, S. Franz BENDER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 236-242 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020336

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建设生产健康饮水的智慧水厂

侯立安

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 826-827 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.017

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P50 auditory sensory gating in first onset schizophrenics and normal healthy adults

WANG Hongxing, ZHANG Mingdao, CHEN Xingshi, LOU Feiying, LIANG Jianhua, CHEN Chong, SHI Tiantao, LU Qiulin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 429-432 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0084-5

摘要： The aim of this research was to investigate the variations of P50 auditory sensory gating (P50) in normal healthy adults and the first onset schizophrenics. By using the American Nicolet Bravo electromyography/evoked potential (EMG/EP) system, P50 was measured with conditioning-testing paradigm (paired-click stimuli S1 and S2 were used) in 58 first onset schizophrenics and 108 healthy adults, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied. The following three conclusions have been reached. (1) In normal control (NC) group, measured from central, anterior and posterior zone (Cz, Fz and Pz respectively), there were no statistical differences (>0.05) between S1 and S2 evoked P50 peak latencies (S1-P50 and S2-P50); the amplitudes of S2-P50 [(2.2±1.4), (2.3±1.5) and (2.1±1.4) μV respectively] reduced significantly as compared with S1-P50 [(5.6±3.3), (5.6±3.9) and (4.9±2.8) μV respectively] (<0.01); the S2/S1 ration, S1-S2 difference, and 100 (1-S2/S1) had no statistical differences (>0.05). (2) Compared with NC, the schizophrenic group significantly showed lower S1-P50 amplitudes (<0.01, except at Pz in which = 2.030, = 0.042), higher S2-P50 amplitudes, higher S2/S1 ratio, lower S1-S2 difference, and more decreased 100 (1-S2/S1) (<0.01) at Cz, Fz and Pz. (3) No significant correlations were found among S2/S1 ratio, S1-S2, 100 (1-S2/S1) of sensory gating and PANSS (>0.05) in schizophrenic group. The first onset schizophrenics had sensory gating deficits, which could be quantified by P50.

关键词： anterior Positive S2-P50 schizophrenic EMG/EP