. China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.. School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.. School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.. School of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China