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Jisheng Han, Cailian Cui, Liuzhen Wu

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 141-150 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0136-8

Abstract: present, and foreseeable future regarding the use of acupuncture-related technique for the treatment of opiate

Keywords： morphine dependence withdrawal addiction dynorphins acupuncture electroacupuncture transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) enkephalins endorphins

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Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors and drug addiction

Limin Mao, Minglei Guo, Daozhong Jin, Bing Xue, John Q. Wang

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 445-451 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0291-1

Abstract:

Neuroadaptations of glutamatergic transmission in the limbic reward circuitry are linked to persistent drug addiction. Accumulating data have demonstrated roles of ionotropic glutamate receptors and group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in this event. Emerging evidence also identifies Gαi/o-coupled group III mGluRs (mGluR4/7/8 subtypes enriched in the limbic system) as direct substrates of drugs of abuse and active regulators of drug action. Auto- and heteroreceptors of mGluR4/7/8 reside predominantly on nerve terminals of glutamatergic corticostriatal and GABAergic striatopallidal pathways, respectively. These presynaptic receptors regulate basal and/or phasic release of respective transmitters to maintain basal ganglia homeostasis. In response to operant administration of common addictive drugs, such as psychostimulants (cocaine and amphetamine), alcohol and opiates, limbic group III mGluRs undergo drastic adaptations to contribute to the enduring remodeling of excitatory synapses and to usually suppress drug seeking behavior. As a result, a loss-of-function mutation (knockout) of individual group III receptor subtypes often promotes drug seeking. This review summarizes the data from recent studies on three group III receptor subtypes (mGluR4/7/8) expressed in the basal ganglia and analyzes their roles in the regulation of dopamine and glutamate signaling in the striatum and their participation in the addictive properties of three major classes of drugs (psychostimulants, alcohol, and opiates).

Keywords： group III metabotropic glutamate receptors cocaine amphetamine alcohol opiate