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Dual collaboration for decentralized multi-source domain adaptation Research Article

Yikang WEI, Yahong HAN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 12,   Pages 1780-1794 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200284

Abstract: The goal of decentralized is to conduct unsupervised in a scenario. The challenge of is that the source domains and target domain lack cross-domain collaboration during training. On the unlabeled target domain, the target model needs to transfer supervision knowledge with the collaboration of source models, while the domain gap will lead to limited adaptation performance from source models. On the labeled source domain, the source model tends to overfit its domain data in the scenario, which leads to the problem. For these challenges, we propose dual collaboration for decentralized by training and aggregating the local source models and local target model in collaboration with each other. On the target domain, we train the local target model by distilling supervision knowledge and fully using the unlabeled target domain data to alleviate the problem with the collaboration of local source models. On the source domain, we regularize the local source models in collaboration with the local target model to overcome the problem. This forms a dual collaboration between the decentralized source domains and target domain, which improves the domain adaptation performance under the scenario. Extensive experiments indicate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on standard datasets.

Keywords： Multi-source domain adaptation     Data decentralization     Domain shift     Negative transfer    

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Identity-based threshold proxy re-encryption scheme from lattices and its applications Research Articles

Liqiang WU, Yiliang HAN, Xiaoyuan YANG, Minqing ZHANG,latticewj@163.com,hanyil@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 2,   Pages 258-277 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000366

Abstract: (TPRE) can prevent collusion between a single proxy and a delegatee from converting arbitrary files against the wishes of the delegator through multiple proxies, and can also provide normal services even when certain proxy servers are paralyzed or damaged. A non-interactive identity-based TPRE (IB-TPRE) scheme over is proposed which removes the public key certificates. To accomplish this scheme, Shamir‘s secret sharing is employed twice, which not only effectively hides the delegator‘s private key information, but also decentralizes the proxy power by splitting the re-encryption key. means that a combiner can detect a misbehaving proxy server that has sent an invalid transformed ciphertext share. This property is achieved by lattice-based fully homomorphic signatures. As a result, the whole scheme is thoroughly capable of resisting quantum attacks even when they are available. The security of the proposed scheme is based on the decisional learning with error hardness assumption in the standard model. Two typical application scenarios, including a file-sharing system based on a blockchain network and a robust key escrow system with threshold cryptography, are presented.

Keywords： Post-quantum cryptography     Threshold proxy re-encryption     Lattices     Robustness     Decentralization    

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Decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning with networked agents: recent advances Review Article

Kaiqing Zhang, Zhuoran Yang, Tamer Başar,kzhang66@illinois.edu,zy6@princeton.edu,basar1@illinois.edu

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 802-814 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900661

Abstract: Multi-agent (MARL) has long been a significant research topic in both machine learning and control systems. Recent development of (single-agent) deep has created a resurgence of interest in developing new MARL algorithms, especially those founded on theoretical analysis. In this paper, we review recent advances on a sub-area of this topic: decentralized MARL with networked agents. In this scenario, multiple agents perform sequential decision-making in a common environment, and without the coordination of any central controller, while being allowed to exchange information with their neighbors over a communication network. Such a setting finds broad applications in the control and operation of robots, unmanned vehicles, mobile sensor networks, and the smart grid. This review covers several of our research endeavors in this direction, as well as progress made by other researchers along the line. We hope that this review promotes additional research efforts in this exciting yet challenging area.

Keywords： 强化学习；多智能体系统；网络系统；一致性优化；分布式优化；博弈论    

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Blockchain for Transparent Data Management Toward 6G Article

Xuemin (Sherman) Shen, Dongxiao Liu, Cheng Huang, Liang Xue, Han Yin, Weihua Zhuang, Rob Sun, Bidi Ying

Engineering 2022, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 74-85 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.002

Abstract:

The wealth of user data acts as a fuel for network intelligence toward the sixth generation wireless networks (6G). Due to data heterogeneity and dynamics, decentralized data management (DM) is desirable for achieving transparent data operations across network domains, and blockchain can be a promising solution. However, the increasing data volume and stringent data privacy-preservation requirements in 6G bring significantly technical challenge to balance transparency, efficiency, and privacy requirements in decentralized blockchain-based DM. In this paper, we propose blockchain solutions to address the challenge. First, we explore the consensus protocols and scalability mechanisms in blockchains and discuss the roles of DM stakeholders in blockchain architectures. Second, we investigate the authentication and authorization requirements for DM stakeholders. Third, we categorize DM privacy requirements and study blockchain-based mechanisms for collaborative data processing. Subsequently, we present research issues and potential solutions for blockchain-based DM toward 6G from these three perspectives. Finally, we conclude this paper and discuss future research directions.

Keywords： Blockchain     Data management     Decentralization     Transparency     Privacy    

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Low powered blockchain consensus protocols based on consistent hash Research Article

Lei Yu, Xiao-fang Zhao, Yan Jin, Heng-yi Cai, Bo Wei, Bin Hu,yulei@ncic.ac.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 10,   Pages 1361-1377 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800119

Abstract: Current s have a triangle of contradictions in aspects of decentralization, security, and energy con-sumption, and cannot be synchronously optimized. We describe a design of two new s, called “CHB-consensus” and “CHBD-consensus,” based on a algorithm. Honest miners can fairly gain the opportunity to create blocks. They do not consume any extra computational power resources when creating new blocks, and such blocks can obtain the whole network to confirm consensus with fairness. However, malicious miners have to pay massive computational power resources for attacking the new block creation privilege or double-spending. networks formed by CHB-consensus and CHBD-consensus are based on the same security assumption as that in Bitcoin systems, so they save a huge amount of power without sacrificing decentralization or security. We analyze possible attacks and give a rigorous but adjustable validation strategy. CHB-consensus and CHBD-consensus introduce a certification authority (CA) system, which does not have special management or control rights over networks or data structures, but carries the risk of privacy breaches depending on credibility and reliability of the CA system. Here, we analyze the robustness and energy consumption of CHB-consensus and CHBD-consensus, and demonstrate their advantages through theoretical derivation.

Keywords： 区块链；共识协议；一致性哈希；低能耗；去中心化    

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Globalization of R&D： New Trend of Economy Globalization

Zhang Yanzhong

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 9,   Pages 14-17

Abstract:

The profound influence of economy globalization on the progress of the world, especially the impact on the development of China is described. It proposes that the globalization of R&D is a new stage of economy globalization. The rapid development of TNCs’ R&D in China is presented. The opportunities and challenges of R&D globalization for both developed and developing countries are discussed. The measures for encouraging globalization of R&D for developed, developing countries and UN are suggested.

Keywords： globalization of R&D     economy globalization     TNCs     R&D center     new trend    

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Temporal Integrative Omics Reveals an Increase in Nondegradative Ubiquitylation during Primary Hepatocyte Dedifferentiation Article

Zhengyi Jiang, Zeyu Sun, Xiaoxi Ouyang, Yalei Zhao, Menghao Zhou, Baohong Wang, Qirui Li, Linxiao Fan, Sainan Zhang, Lanjuan Li

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 11,   Pages 1302-1314 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.011

Abstract:

Primary hepatocytes (PHCs) are widely used in various fields, but the progressive deterioration of liver-specific features in vitro significantly limits their application. While the transcriptional regulation and whole cell proteome (WCP) of PHCs have been extensively studied, only a small number of studies have addressed the role of posttranslational modifications in this process. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms that induce dedifferentiation, we carried out parallel quantifications of the transcriptome, WCP, ubiquitinome, and phosphoproteome of rat PHCs after 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of in vitro culture. Our data constitute a detailed proteomic analysis of dedifferentiated PHCs including 2196 proteins, 2056 ubiquitinated sites, and 4932 phosphorylated peptides. We revealed a low correlation between the transcriptome and WCP during dedifferentiation. A combined analysis of the ubiquitinome with the corresponding WCP indicated that the dedifferentiation of PHCs led to an increase in nondegradative K27 ubiquitination. Functional analysis of the altered phosphoproteins suggested a significant enrichment in ferroptosis. In all, 404 proteins with both ubiquitination and phosphorylation were identified to be involved in critical metabolic events. Furthermore, Ptbp1, Hnrpd, Hnrnpu, and Srrm2 were identified as hub genes. Taken together, our data provide new insights into proteome dynamics during PHC dedifferentiation and potential targets to inhibit the dedifferentiation process.

Keywords： Ubiquitination     Phosphoproteome     Proteome     Dedifferentiation     Primary hepatocytes    

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Reasonable Scale of Megacity Central Area Based on Multivariate Data and a Traffic Perspective

Lu Huapu, Bai Zhuotong,Wu Zhouhao, Fu Zhihuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2022, Volume 24, Issue 6,   Pages 146-153 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.013

Abstract:

The central area of a megacity, which features high-intensity development, large population density, and concentrated urban functions, demonstrates the most prominent urban problems. Addressing the urban malaise in megacities necessitates analyzing and demonstrating the reasonable scale of the megacity central area. This study proposes that commuting time is the core controlling factor determining the reasonable scale of the megacity central area. Combining with point of interest data of multi-type land use and the geographic information system data for street administrative division, we identified the current central urban areas of ten cities in China using big data analysis and the clustering method; their current traffic efficiencies were then evaluated based on path navigation data via web maps and mobile phone signaling data verification. Finally, demonstration results were presented through quantitative analysis. Our study shows that the current central areas of the ten megacities cannot satisfy residents' need for a proper commuting time; considering factors such as technological development and improvement in the level of governance, 13‒15 km is the upper limit of equivalent radius for the central area of a megacity.

Keywords： reasonable scale     multivariate data     central urban area     megacity     happiness    

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An improved ROF denoising model based on time-fractional derivative Research Articles

Xing-ran Liao,xrliao_scu@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 6,   Pages 809-962 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000067

Abstract: In this study, we discuss mainly the and texture retention issues. Usually, the has an adjustable fractional order to control the diffusion process, and its memory effect can nicely retain the image texture when it is applied to . Therefore, we design a new Rudin-Osher-Fatemi model with a based on a classical one, where the discretization in space is based on the integer-order difference scheme and the discretization in time is the approximation of the (i.e., Caputo-like difference is applied to discretize the ). Stability and convergence of such an explicit scheme are analyzed in detail. We prove that the numerical solution to the new model converges to the exact solution with the order of (+), where , , and are the time step size, fractional order, and space step size, respectively. Finally, various evaluation criteria including the signal-to-noise ratio, feature similarity, and histogram recovery degree are used to evaluate the performance of our new model. Numerical test results show that our improved model has more powerful denoising and texture retention ability than existing ones.

Keywords： 改进ROF去噪模型；时间分数阶导数；Caputo导数；图像去噪    

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Mouse Oocyte Enucleation with Surface Tension Assisted Method

Meng Qinggang,Zhu Shien,Zeng Shenming,Zhang Zhongcheng

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 11,   Pages 65-69

Abstract:

In the present experiment a new simple method-Surface Tension Aided (STA)- for mouse oocyte enucleation is employed and is compared with three other ones. In method STA, the chromosome spindle was squeezed out by the surface tension of the drop edge with the help of micropipette through a slit made in advance in zona pellucida. In method A, the nucleus was aspirated out through a plat end, 25 μm micropipette via the slit. In method B, the nucleus was aspirated out through a 10μm micropipette directly. In method C, the nucleus was assumed just under the first polar body and the enucleating procedure was carried out by aspirated one third of cytoplasm beneath the polarbody. The manipulation time in method A (3 min/oocyte) was significantly longer than that in method STA (1.33min/oocyte), method B (1.30 min/oocyte) and method C (1.41 min/ oocyte) ; The cytoplasm loss in method C (28.4% ) was significantly higher than those in the other three methods. In methods STA, A and B, very small amount (approximately 5% ) of cytoplasm was lost. The accuracy rate of method C (35.3%) was significantly lower than those in the other three methods, the accuracy rate of method STA, A and B was above 95 % and there is no significant differences among these methods. Some of the cytoplasts produced by STA were used for mouse ear fibroblast cell nuclear transfer by electrofusion. Majority (76.1%) of the cell-cytoplast pairs fused to form reconstructed embryos, 85.4 % of reconstituted embryos developed to form pronuclei and 49.4% of them clove to form 2-cell embryos.

Keywords： surface tension assisted     enucleation     oocyte     mouse    

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Ablock-based secure and robustwatermarking scheme for color images based onmulti-resolution decomposition and de-correlation Research Articles

Muhammad IMRAN, Bruce A. HARVEY, Muhammad ATIF, Adnan Ali MEMON

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 7,   Pages 946-963 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700667

Abstract:

This paper presents a block-based secure and robust watermarking technique for color images based on multi-resolution decomposition and de-correlation. The principal objective of the presented scheme is to simultaneously meet all the four requirements (robustness, security, imperceptibility, and capacity) of a good watermarking scheme. The contribution of this study is to basically achieve the four contradictory requirements that a good watermarking scheme must meet. To do so, different approaches are combined in a way that the four requirements are achieved. For instance, to obtain imperceptibility, the three color channels (red, green, and blue) are de-correlated using principal component analysis, and the first principal component (de-correlated red channel) is chosen for watermark embedding. Afterwards, to achieve robustness, the de-correlated channel is decomposed using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and the approximate band (the other three bands are kept intact to preserve the edge information) is further decomposed into distinct blocks. The random blocks are chosen based on a random generated key. The random selected blocks are further broken down into singular values and vectors. Based on the mutual dependency on singular values and vectors’ matrices, the values are modified depending on the watermarking bits, and their locations are saved and used as another key, required when the watermark is to be extracted. Consequently, two-level authentication levels ensure the security, and using both singular values and vectors increases the capacity of the presented scheme. Moreover, the involvement of both left and right singular vectors along with singular values in the watermarking embedding process strengthens the robustness of the proposed scheme. Finally, to compare the presented scheme with the state-of-the-art schemes in terms of imperceptibility (peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index), security (with numerous fake keys), robustness (normalized correlation and bit error rate), and capacity, the Gonzalez and Kodak datasets are used. The comparison shows significant improvement of the proposed scheme over existing schemes.

Keywords： Copyright protection     Data hiding     Multi-resolution decomposition     De-correlation     Security    

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Evacuation Analysis of a Large Shopping Mall

Song Weiguo,Yu Yanfei,Zhang Heping

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 10,   Pages 78-83

Abstract:

Along with the development of the society, it flows out more and more high-rise, underground and large-space buildings, of which the fire protection designs are sometimes beyond the requirements of existing national fire protection codes of China. Therefore, the performance-based fire protection design of buildings has been getting more and more chances of application. Evacuation analysis is one of the key problems in the performance-based design. In this paper, the performance-based design of a large shopping mall is introduced, and a cellular automata (CA) based evacuation model, i.e. the CAFE model is used to analyze the efficiency of evacuation. Because the interactions among pedestrians and those between pedestrians and environment are quantified in CAFE model, the values of evacuation time obtained through the model are slightly larger than those of an evacuation software, Simulex, indicating that the CAFE model is to some extent more conservative and the analysis results are with higher reliability.

Keywords： evacuation     performance-based design     cellular automata    

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Building a Modern Energy System in the Yangtze River Delta

Weng Shilie, Huang Zhen, Yu Lijun, Xie Xiaomin, You Ting, Zhang Tingting

Strategic Study of CAE 2021, Volume 23, Issue 1,   Pages 42-51 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.008

Abstract:

The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most economically active, open, and innovative regions in China. Further promoting energy revolution, and building a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system to promote the coordinated development of the economy, energy, and ecological environment in the Yangtze River Delta is significant to the national strategy of “Integrated Regional Development of the Yangtze River Delta.” This study proposes the idea of building a modern energy system in the Yangtze River Delta based on the local characteristics. The main features, key issues, and overall integration of the system are further discussed. Meanwhile, the economic, environmental, and social benefits brought by the modern energy system to the Yangtze River Delta are predicted. Furthermore, we propose that a unified energy leading agency should be established to build a demonstration area for energy integration; energy system reforms should be deepened to cultivate the energy market; the Internet Plus Smart Energy strategy should be implemented to promote high-quality energy development; and energy technology venture capital funds should be established.

Keywords： integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta     modern energy system     scenario analysis     energy systems     energy information management center    

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Subpixel image reconstruction and denoising based on complex wavelet

Zhang Zhi,Wei Zhihui,Xia Deshen

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 11,   Pages 76-81

Abstract:

Composing superresolution of the remote sensing images can remedy the deficiency of the remote sensor. However, precision of the common interpolations are not high. The paper analyzes the subpixel theory of the remote sensing image and interpolates two images offsetting subpixel in order to reconstruct high resolution image. The algorithm of adaptive threshold wavelet denoising based inter-scale is used. Experiment results show this algorithm is better than common methods.

Keywords： subpixel     complex wavelet     adaptive threshold     reconstruction     denosing    

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Optimization of Urban Spatial Structure Based on TOD Model

Lu Huapu, Liu Ruoyang , Zhang Yongbo , Fu Zhihuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2022, Volume 24, Issue 6,   Pages 137-145 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.012

Abstract:

Traffic congestion and environmental pollution restrain the high-quality development of cities and the improvement of residents' living quality. A transit-oriented-development (TOD) model that integrates transportation with land use is key to solving the abovementioned problems. This study uses mechanism analysis to investigate the relationship between transportation and land use, analyzes the differences between TOD and conventional models regarding land use patterns and population distribution, and investigates the population distribution characteristics of the TOD model and its coupling relationship with transportation. Moreover, the current status and problems of TOD in China are analyzed through case study, indicating that the implications, development goals, and paths of TOD models vary for different scenarios. Additionally, a reasonable urban spatial structure is proposed comprising urban spatial structures at three levels: urban agglomerations, metropolitan and downtown areas, and rail transit stations and their surrounding areas. The basic ideas, planning and design principles, and implementation paths for the deep integration of the proposed structure with transportation are explored. Furthermore, we suggest that measures should be taken in terms of management planning, laws and policies, standards and specifications, benefit distribution, planning approval, incentive mechanism, and public participation, thereby providing support for TOD model application and for improving urban construction.

Keywords： urban spatial structure     integration of transportation and land use     transit-oriented development     urban agglomeration     metropolitan and downtown area     rail transit station    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Dual collaboration for decentralized multi-source domain adaptation

Yikang WEI, Yahong HAN

Journal Article

Identity-based threshold proxy re-encryption scheme from lattices and its applications

Liqiang WU, Yiliang HAN, Xiaoyuan YANG, Minqing ZHANG,latticewj@163.com,hanyil@163.com

Journal Article

Decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning with networked agents: recent advances

Kaiqing Zhang, Zhuoran Yang, Tamer Başar,kzhang66@illinois.edu,zy6@princeton.edu,basar1@illinois.edu

Journal Article

Blockchain for Transparent Data Management Toward 6G

Xuemin (Sherman) Shen, Dongxiao Liu, Cheng Huang, Liang Xue, Han Yin, Weihua Zhuang, Rob Sun, Bidi Ying

Journal Article

Low powered blockchain consensus protocols based on consistent hash

Lei Yu, Xiao-fang Zhao, Yan Jin, Heng-yi Cai, Bo Wei, Bin Hu,yulei@ncic.ac.cn

Journal Article

Globalization of R&D： New Trend of Economy Globalization

Zhang Yanzhong

Journal Article

Temporal Integrative Omics Reveals an Increase in Nondegradative Ubiquitylation during Primary Hepatocyte Dedifferentiation

Zhengyi Jiang, Zeyu Sun, Xiaoxi Ouyang, Yalei Zhao, Menghao Zhou, Baohong Wang, Qirui Li, Linxiao Fan, Sainan Zhang, Lanjuan Li

Journal Article

Reasonable Scale of Megacity Central Area Based on Multivariate Data and a Traffic Perspective

Lu Huapu, Bai Zhuotong,Wu Zhouhao, Fu Zhihuan

Journal Article

An improved ROF denoising model based on time-fractional derivative

Xing-ran Liao,xrliao_scu@163.com

Journal Article

Mouse Oocyte Enucleation with Surface Tension Assisted Method

Meng Qinggang,Zhu Shien,Zeng Shenming,Zhang Zhongcheng

Journal Article

Ablock-based secure and robustwatermarking scheme for color images based onmulti-resolution decomposition and de-correlation

Muhammad IMRAN, Bruce A. HARVEY, Muhammad ATIF, Adnan Ali MEMON

Journal Article

Evacuation Analysis of a Large Shopping Mall

Song Weiguo,Yu Yanfei,Zhang Heping

Journal Article

Building a Modern Energy System in the Yangtze River Delta

Weng Shilie, Huang Zhen, Yu Lijun, Xie Xiaomin, You Ting, Zhang Tingting

Journal Article

Subpixel image reconstruction and denoising based on complex wavelet

Zhang Zhi,Wei Zhihui,Xia Deshen

Journal Article

Optimization of Urban Spatial Structure Based on TOD Model

Lu Huapu, Liu Ruoyang , Zhang Yongbo , Fu Zhihuan

Journal Article