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Strategies for Soil Fertility Improvement of Arable Land in China
Yingjie Hu, Xiangbin Kong, Yuzhen Zhang
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 84-89 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.013
This paper systematically reviews the trends of soil fertility of arable land in China and puts forwards that the soil fertility improvement of arable land in China should realize the strategic change from single application of chemical fertilizer to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, combine cultivation with preservation to maintain soil fertility, and implement spatial differentiation control. Moreover, this paper summarizes the ways to improve the soil fertility of arable land in China, including increasing the application of organic fertilizer, promoting straw returning to the field, resuming and promoting green manure cultivation, improving the farming conditions, and optimizing the layout of agroforestry networks. At last, this paper proposes policy suggestions of implementing high-standard farmland construction projects, soil improvement and restoration projects, grass-crop rotation projects, straw returning projects, and livestock and poultry manure application projects.
Keywords： 保持土壤肥力，应实行空间差异化管控的战略思路，总结出增施有机肥、推广秸秆还田、恢复推广绿肥种植以及提升农田耕作条件和优化农田林网布局等耕地土壤肥力提升实现途径，提出了国家继续实施高标准农田建设工程、土壤改良修复工程 本文系统梳理了中国耕地土壤肥力变化态势，提出我国耕地土壤肥力提升应实现从单一施用化肥向有机无机肥相结合的战略转变，应
The Impact of Cropland Spatial Pattern Change on Grain Production in China
Li Yuanyuan, Tan Minghong, Zhang Hongqi
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 90-95 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.014
Cropland is the basis of grain production. In recent decades, the spatial pattern of cropland in China has changed significantly, which has caused some impact on grain production. Based on land cover data of 1990, 2000, and 2010, this study explored changes in the spatial pattern of cropland, and constructed a database with a spatial resolution of 1 km based on county-level agricultural statistics and soil organic matter data, which is the representative of crop productivity. The results show that: during the period from 1990 to 2010, drastic reclamation happened in Northeast and Northwest China while the cropland acreage decreased in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain; the main source of new cropland during the study period was grassland (46.9%), and the lost cropland was mainly converted to forest land (36.6%) in the first ten years and then to construction land (53.0%) in the following ten years; the changes in the spatial pattern of cropland have caused a decrease of 2.0% in the average crop productivity, and during this period, the construction land mostly occupied high-quality cropland, while the newly reclaimed cropland had lower crop productivity.
Keywords： 耕地是粮食生产的基础，近几十年来中国耕地空间格局变化显著，对粮食生产造成一定影响。本研究以1990 年土地覆被数据为基础，探究耕地空间格局变化，并基于县级农业统计数据和土壤有机质数据得到空间分辨率为1 ，在此期间建设用地多占用优质耕地，而新开垦的耕地粮食生产力普遍较低。
Research on the Strategy for Improving Cultivated Land Quality in China
Hongqi Zhang, Minghong Tan, Xiangbin Kong, Yongmei Xu, Erqi Xu, Erping Shang
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 16-22 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.003
Based on a systematic analysis of changes in quantity and quality of cultivated land in China, this paper put forward an overall strategic thinking of realizing three strategic transformations in the cultivated land management from the aspects of quantity, quality, and ecology of the cultivated land. Five important measures, including enhancing the cultivated land quantity in China, curbing undisciplined growth of construction land, improving the fertility of cultivated soil, preventing and controlling heavy metal pollution of soil, and preventing and controlling agricultural film pollution, were proposed. It was also recommended that four major projects, namely middle- and low-yield farmland reforms, comprehensive improvement of rural land, comprehensive reparation of heavy metal pollution of soil, and soil and water conservation, sand prevention, and saline soil improvement, should be implemented as soon as possible.
Keywords： cultivated land quality temporal and spatial change strategy major projects
The Chemicals Input Status and Transformation Path of the Planting Industry in China
Yi Xiaoyan,Yuan Meng and Yin Changbin
Strategic Study of CAE 2017, Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 124-129 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.020
This paper examines the total inputs and regional characteristics of chemical input in China since the 1990s, analyzes existing problems of chemical input, and puts forward a general transformation idea, transformation path, and security system for chemicals. Certain phenomena that result in obvious problems for this industry include the excessive use and a low utilization rate of chemicals, regional imbalances in chemicals input, imbalanced crops, and irrational crop structure within the planting industry. In addition, input methods need improvement. It is essential to transform the production mode by optimizing regional layouts, reforming planting systems, developing new chemicals, and adopting precision agricultural technologies. It is also necessary to strengthen support for and promote the green and sustainable development of farming based on scientific and technological innovation, integrated demonstrations, subsidy systems, standard specifications, and industry/university/research institute collaborations.
Keywords： planting industry chemical input transformation path chemical fertilizers and pesticides security system
Achieve the Great Leap from a Large Manufacturing Country to a World Manufacturing Power
The Research Group for the Manufacturing Power Strategy
Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 7, Pages 1-6
The joint major consulting project “Manufacturing power strategy research” by the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology began in 2013. The manufacturing development problems of machinery, aerospace, aviation, railway traffic, ship, automobile, power equipment, information electronics, metallurgy, chemical, textile, home appliance, instrument, and so on a total of 13 areas were researched. The present status, opportunities and challenges on manufacturing industry in China were analyzed. The reason why manufacturing industry in China is huge but not strong was summarized. Meanwhile, the ideas and targets of manufacturing power engineering science and technology strategy were put forward. The study built up an index system for manufacturing nations and forecasted the development trend of the manufacturing industry in China. Finally, the project proposed for guiding principles and strategic countermeasures transform manufacturing. According to the research team, China should become a manufacturing power by 2025, reach a medium level among the world’s best manufacturers by 2035, and rank near the top of the league table by 2045. The project provided scientific decision-making support for “Made in China 2025”.
Keywords： manufacturing power strategy engineering science and technology index system guiding principles strategic countermeasures “Made in China 2025”
The Assessment of the Impacts of Land Use Change on the Ecosystem Carbon Sink
Wu Jianguo,Zhang Xiaoquan,Xu Deying
Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 9, Pages 65-71
Based on the analyzing of the carbon cycle under different ecosystem in Liupan mountain forest zone and the conception of carbon sink and source , the impacts of land use change on the carbon sink of ecosystem were assessed. It is found that the function of ecosystem carbon source or sink under different land uses includes carbon storage, input and output of ecosystem carbon pool, net change of carbon storage and stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC). The ecosystem carbon storage under natural secondary forest or plantation ecosystem is higher than that under cropland or rangeland ecosystem . The storage of ecosystem carbon, SOC, active SOC pool, slow SOC, protected and unprotected fraction of SOC and labile fraction of SOC under secondary forest or plantation ecosystem are higher than those under cropland and rangeland ecosystem. Natural secondary forest ecosystem is strong carbon sink, while plantation ecosystem is weak carbon sink, and cropland or rangeland ecosystem is source. The measures of increasing ecosystem sink include increasing input of ecosystem carbon pool, decreasing output of ecosystem carbon pool and increasing stabilization of SOC in ecosystem.
Keywords： land use change soil organic carbon carbon cycle ecosystem carbon sink/source
Zhenrui Zhang, Xinghui Xia, Zhifeng Yang
Engineering 2023, Volume 28, Issue 9, Pages 11-15 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.014
Keywords： China city areas THE AUTHORS.Published behalf Company Engineering Education Press Academy carbon changes decades: Implications
Chlorine Nutrition of Plant and Application of Chlorine-containing Fertilizers
Mao Zhiyun,Zhou Zefang,Shi Xiaojun,Liu Hongbin
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages 64-66
Chlorine is an essential element of plant nutrition. Based on twenty thorough and systematic studies on chlorine nutrition of plant and chlorine-containing fertilizers three new theoretical ideas are proposed.
(1) “Chlorine tolerance” and “critical value of chlorine tolerance of crop”. Plant chlorine tolerance can be divided into three types： (A)Crops of strong chlorine tolerance. It means under the condition of chlorine content of soil＞600 mg/kg,the crops can grow normally, (e. g. beet cotton, rice, cucumber, etc. ) (B) Crops of medium chlorine tolerance. The crtical chlorine tolerance values are 300～600 mg/kg. (e. g. wheat, maize, tomato, eggplant，soybean,etc. )(C)Crops of weak chlorine tolerance:The crops critical chlorine tolerance values are 150〜300 mg/kg. (e. g. potato, sweet potato, tobaccos, grape, apple, etc.)
(2) Chlorine allowance of soil. It is the differece between the critical value of chlorine tolerance of plant and chlorine-content of soil.This term cimplies that the higher the chlorine allowance of soil,the much chlorine-contained fartilizer can be applied to the soil.
(3) The residual chlorine content in soil is nearly a constant. Accumulation effect of residual chlorine content not exists in the soil.
These ideas will be beneficial to the application of Chlorine-contained fertilizers and the development of the “United-soda” Process.
Keywords： Types of chlorine tolerance of crops chlorine allowance of Soil Prospect of chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers
Hualin Wang, Pengbo Fu, Jianping Li, Yuan Huang, Ying Zhao, Lai Jiang, Xiangchen Fang, Tao Yang, Zhaohui Huang, Cheng Huang
Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 406-415 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.05.014
The environmentally friendly and resourceful utilization of organic waste liquid is one of the frontiers of environmental engineering. With the increasing demand for chemicals, the problem of organic waste liquid with a high concentration of inorganic pollutants in the processing of petroleum, coal, and natural gas is becoming more serious. In this study, the high-speed self-rotation and flipping of particles in a threedimensional cyclonic turbulent field was examined using a synchronous high-speed camera technique; the self-rotation speed was found to reach 2000–6000 rad·s−1. Based on these findings, a cyclonic gasstripping method for the removal of organic matter from the pores of particles was invented. A technological process was developed to recover organic matter from waste liquid by cyclonic gas stripping and classifying inorganic particles by means of airflow acceleration classification. A demonstration device was built in Sinopec’s first ebullated-bed hydro-treatment unit for residual oil. Compared with the T-STAR fixed-bed gas-stripping technology designed in the United States, the maximum liquid-removal efficiency of the catalyst particles in this new process is 44.9% greater at the same temperature, and the time required to realize 95% liquid-removal efficiency is decreased from 1956.5 to 8.4 s. In addition, we achieved the classification and reuse of the catalyst particles contained in waste liquid according to their activity. A proposal to use this new technology was put forward regarding the control of organic waste liquid and the classification recovery of inorganic particles in an ebullated-bed hydro-treatment process for residual oil with a processing capacity of 2 × 106 t·a−1. It is estimated that the use of this new technology will lead to the recovery of 3100 ta−1 of diesel fuel and 647 t·a−1 of high-activity catalyst; in addition, it will reduce the consumption of fresh catalyst by 518 t·a−1. The direct economic benefits of this process will be as high as 37.28 million CNY per year.
Keywords： Organic waste liquid Inorganic particles Cyclonic gas stripping Particle self-rotation Airflow acceleration classification
Study on Situations and Sustainable Development Strategies of China’s Fishery Environment
Zhengguo Cui, Keming Qu, Tang Qisheng
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 63-68 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.010
A fishery environment is a place on which the survival and reproduction of aquatic lives rely and is the foundation of fishery development. In general, the deterioration of the environmental quality of fishery waters in China has not yet been fundamentally curbed, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate are still the major indicators of pollution in fishery waters. Based on analyses of the status and variation trend of the fishery environment, in this review, we clarify the main factors that affect the sustainable development of China's fishery environment, such as development of construction projects, pollution of external sources, ecological disasters, and pollution accidents; identify major environmental issues in key areas of water; propose the idea of sustainable fishery environment based on green, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly development; establish the overall development goal and the specific development goals of two stages by 2025 and 2030; and put forward suggestions and measures including strictly controlling external pollution and aquaculture self-pollution, delineating the ecological conservation redline, improving the monitoring technology system, strengthening ecological rehabilitation, and implementing innovation projects of the fishery environment in China, hoping to provide references for the protection and management of China's fishery environment.
Tapping biogas industry, substituting biomethane to natural gas
Cheng Xu,Zheng Hengshou,Liang Jinguang,Zhu Wanbin, Cui Zongjun
Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 29-34
This paper discussed the necessity of upgrading biogas technology and relevant technical framework. Diversified feedstock of biogas in China was evaluated, and a few cases were analyzed. It is concluded that biomethane has potentials of annual production of above 100 billion cubic meters, and it will become very important origin for partly substituting natural gas that its resource is badly inadequate in China.
Keywords： industrious biogas technical upgrading biomethane
Analysis of the Reasons for Overuse of Chemical Fertilizer from a Seller’s Perspective
Yuyang Lian, Jing Liu, Shuqin Jin, Hongbin Liu, Shuxia Wu
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 112-119 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.017
This paper analyzes the reasons for the overuse of chemical fertilizers from the aspect of fertilizer circulation. This paper introduces the traditional bi-level fertilizer distribution model and the current status of fertilizer circulation, and conducts an empirical analysis of the behaviors of fertilizer distributors by using field research data of the fertilizer distributors. Analyses show that the phenomenon of credit sales in fertilizer circulation is serious, which has greatly increased the cost of circulation and made the price of fertilizers unrealistically high. The promotion of fertilizer products and the financial risks arising from credit buying of farmers have increased the operating costs of the distributors. To make profit, the distributors tend to elevate the recommended dosage of fertilizer, resulting in excessive use of fertilizer by farmers. In addition, fertilizer distributors usually have a low level of expertise and thus need agricultural technical trainings to recommend a more scientific fertilizer dosage. To this end, it is recommended to raise the threshold for market access of fertilizer distributors, optimize trainings of the fertilizer distributors, and ease the pressure caused by credit sales in fertilizer circulation.
Keywords： fertilizer distributors credit sales recommended dosage
Ziming Han, Haodi Feng, Xiao Luan, Yunpeng Shen, Liren Ren, Liujie Deng, D.G. Joakim Larsson, Michael Gillings, Yu Zhang, Min Yang
Engineering 2022, Volume 15, Issue 8, Pages 78-88 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.011
Fermentation-based antibiotic production results in abundant nutrient-rich fermentation residue with high potential for recycling, but the high antibiotic residual concentration restricts its usefulness (e.g., in land application as organic fertilizer). In this study, an industrial-scale hydrothermal facility for the treatment of erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) was investigated, and the potential risk of the long-term soil application of treated EFR promoting environmental antibiotic resistance development was evaluated. The treatment effectively removed bacteria and their DNA, and an erythromycin removal ratio of up to approximately 98% was achieved. The treated EFR was utilized as organic fertilizer for consecutive field applications from 2018 to 2020, with dosages ranging from 3750 to 15 000 kg∙hm－2, resulting in sub-inhibitory levels of erythromycin (ranging from 0.83–76.00 μg∙kg－1) in soils. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was then used to characterize the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial community composition of the soils. The soil ARG abundance and diversity did not respond to the treated EFR application in the first year, but gradually changed in the second and third year of application. The highest fold change in relative abundance of macrolide-lincosamidestreptogramin (MLS) and total ARGs were 12.59 and 2.75 times, compared with the control (CK; without application), respectively. The soil MGEs and taxonomic composition showed similar temporal trends to those of the ARGs, and appeared to assist in driving increasing ARG proliferation, as revealed by correlation analysis and structural equation models (SEMs). The relative abundance of particular erm resistance genes (RNA methyltransferase genes) increased significantly in the third year of treated EFR application. The close association of erm with MGEs suggested that horizontal gene transfer played a critical role in the observed erm gene enrichment. Metagenomic binning results demonstrated that the proliferation of mac gene-carrying hosts was responsible for the increased abundance of mac genes (efflux pump genes). This study shows that sub-inhibitory levels of erythromycin in soils had a cumulative effect on soil ARGs over time and emphasizes the importance of long-term monitoring for assessing the risk of soil amendment with treated industrial waste.
Keywords： Pharmaceutical manufacturing Resistome Antibiotic Risk assessment Remediation Land application
SESAR: The Past, Present, and Future of European Air Traffic Management Research Perspective
Tatjana Bolić, Paul Ravenhill
Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 448-451 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.023
The Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) project is the technological pillar of the European Commission’s Single European Sky Initiative to modernize air traffic management (ATM). Here, we describe the process of establishing SESAR and the main parts of the project: the research and development (R&D) part, which is led by the SESAR Joint Undertaking; the deployment part, which is managed by the SESAR Deployment Manager; and the European ATM Master Plan, which collects and lays out both the R&D and deployment needs. The latest European ATM Master Plan was adopted just prior to the current pandemic. The huge loss in air traffic due to the pandemic, and the speed of the recovery of the aviation industry will require reprioritization, but the main elements that have been established—particularly those in support of the environment—remain valid.
Keywords： SESAR Air traffic management (ATM) Single European Sky ATM research and development ATM solution Deployment
Changes of China’s Edible Oil Security Strategies: Domestic Condition and International Situation
Ma Wenjie
Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 42-47 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.006
The fact that edible oil materials have become the primary agricultural products in China with the largest dependency on international market is the main reason for the trade deficit of international agricultural products. The large import of vegetable oil materials has a big effect on national grain and food security, resident consumption and even national economy. On account of the new grain security strategy, the growth space of our national edible oil materials is limited, the production potential is great but hard to become real production, and the future consumption will increase. Under the new normal of the large import of vegetable oil materials, global edible oil production potential is great, China has the ability to obtain a stable supply of edible oil materials from the international market, and the external environment of edible oil material supply security is complicated. According to the new domestic conditions and international situation, the paper offers the following new security strategies for edible oil: maintaining capacity, keeping benchmark, importing initiatively and healthy consumption.
Keywords： edible oil domestic condition international situation production potential strategy change
Title Author Date Type Operation
Strategies for Soil Fertility Improvement of Arable Land in China
Yingjie Hu, Xiangbin Kong, Yuzhen Zhang
Journal Article
The Impact of Cropland Spatial Pattern Change on Grain Production in China
Li Yuanyuan, Tan Minghong, Zhang Hongqi
Journal Article
Research on the Strategy for Improving Cultivated Land Quality in China
Hongqi Zhang, Minghong Tan, Xiangbin Kong, Yongmei Xu, Erqi Xu, Erping Shang
Journal Article
The Chemicals Input Status and Transformation Path of the Planting Industry in China
Yi Xiaoyan,Yuan Meng and Yin Changbin
Journal Article
Achieve the Great Leap from a Large Manufacturing Country to a World Manufacturing Power
The Research Group for the Manufacturing Power Strategy
Journal Article
The Assessment of the Impacts of Land Use Change on the Ecosystem Carbon Sink
Wu Jianguo,Zhang Xiaoquan,Xu Deying
Journal Article
Soil Organic Carbon Changes in City Areas of China Over the Past Three Decades: Implications for Achieving Carbon Neutrality
Zhenrui Zhang, Xinghui Xia, Zhifeng Yang
Journal Article
Chlorine Nutrition of Plant and Application of Chlorine-containing Fertilizers
Mao Zhiyun,Zhou Zefang,Shi Xiaojun,Liu Hongbin
Journal Article
Separation-and-Recovery Technology for Organic Waste Liquid with a High Concentration of Inorganic Particles
Hualin Wang, Pengbo Fu, Jianping Li, Yuan Huang, Ying Zhao, Lai Jiang, Xiangchen Fang, Tao Yang, Zhaohui Huang, Cheng Huang
Journal Article
Study on Situations and Sustainable Development Strategies of China’s Fishery Environment
Zhengguo Cui, Keming Qu, Tang Qisheng
Journal Article
Tapping biogas industry, substituting biomethane to natural gas
Cheng Xu,Zheng Hengshou,Liang Jinguang,Zhu Wanbin, Cui Zongjun
Journal Article
Analysis of the Reasons for Overuse of Chemical Fertilizer from a Seller’s Perspective
Yuyang Lian, Jing Liu, Shuqin Jin, Hongbin Liu, Shuxia Wu
Journal Article
Three-Year Consecutive Field Application of Erythromycin Fermentation Residue Following Hydrothermal Treatment: Cumulative Effect on Soil Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Ziming Han, Haodi Feng, Xiao Luan, Yunpeng Shen, Liren Ren, Liujie Deng, D.G. Joakim Larsson, Michael Gillings, Yu Zhang, Min Yang
Journal Article
SESAR: The Past, Present, and Future of European Air Traffic Management Research
Tatjana Bolić, Paul Ravenhill
Journal Article
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