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A random finite set based joint probabilistic data association filter with non-homogeneous Markov chain Research Articles

Yun Zhu, Shuang Liang, Xiaojun Wu, Honghong Yang,yunzhu@snnu.edu.cn,xjwu@snnu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 8,   Pages 1114-1126 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000209

Abstract: We demonstrate a heuristic approach for optimizing the posterior density of the data association tracking algorithm via the random finite set (RFS) theory. Specifically, we propose an adjusted version of the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) filter, known as the nearest-neighbor set JPDA (NNSJPDA). The target labels in all possible data association events are switched using a novel nearest-neighbor method based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence, with the goal of improving the accuracy of the marginalization. Next, the distribution of the target-label vector is considered. The transition matrix of the target-label vector can be obtained after the switching of the posterior density. This transition matrix varies with time, causing the propagation of the distribution of the target-label vector to follow a non-homogeneous . We show that the chain is inherently doubly stochastic and deduce corresponding theorems. Through examples and simulations, the effectiveness of NNSJPDA is verified. The results can be easily generalized to other data association approaches under the same RFS framework.

Keywords： 目标跟踪；滤波理论；随机有限集理论；贝叶斯方法；马尔可夫链    

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ApproximateGaussian conjugacy: parametric recursive filtering under nonlinearity,multimodality, uncertainty, and constraint, and beyond Review

Tian-cheng LI, Jin-ya SU, Wei LIU, Juan M. CORCHADO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 12,   Pages 1913-1939 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700379

Abstract: Since the landmark work of R. E. Kalman in the 1960s, considerable efforts have been devoted to time series state space models for a large variety of dynamic estimation problems. In particular, parametric filters that seek analytical estimates based on a closed-form Markov–Bayes recursion, e.g., recursion from a Gaussian or Gaussian mixture (GM) prior to a Gaussian/GM posterior (termed ‘Gaussian conjugacy’ in this paper), form the backbone for a general time series filter design. Due to challenges arising from nonlinearity, multimodality (including target maneuver), intractable uncertainties (such as unknown inputs and/or non-Gaussian noises) and constraints (including circular quantities), etc., new theories, algorithms, and technologies have been developed continuously to maintain such a conjugacy, or to approximate it as close as possible. They had contributed in large part to the prospective developments of time series parametric filters in the last six decades. In this paper, we review the state of the art in distinctive categories and highlight some insights that may otherwise be easily overlooked. In particular, specific attention is paid to nonlinear systems with an informative observation, multimodal systems including Gaussian mixture posterior and maneuvers, and intractable unknown inputs and constraints, to fill some gaps in existing reviews and surveys. In addition, we provide some new thoughts on alternatives to the first-order Markov transition model and on filter evaluation with regard to computing complexity.

Keywords： Kalman filter     Gaussian filter     Time series estimation     Bayesian filtering     Nonlinear filtering     Constrained filtering     Gaussian mixture     Maneuver     Unknown inputs    

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基于ARIMA和Kalman滤波的道路交通状态实时预测 Article

东伟 徐,永东 王,利民 贾,勇 秦,宏辉 董

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 2,   Pages 287-302 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500381

Abstract: 本文提出了一种基于ARIMA模型和Kalman滤波算法的道路交通流预测方法。首先，基于道路交通历史数据建立时间序列的ARIMA模型。其次，结合ARIMA模型和Kalman滤波法构建道路交通预测算法，获取Kalman滤波的测量方程和更新方程。然后，基于历史道路交通数据进行算法的参数设定。实验结果表明，基于ARIMA模型和Kalman滤波的实时道路交通状态预测方法是可行的，并且可以获得很高的精度。

Keywords： ARIMA模型；Kalman滤波；建模；训练；预测    

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Analysis of Theory of Architecture

Gu Mengchao

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 11,   Pages 100-102

Abstract:

Starting with the analysis of the definition and concept of the theory of architecture, the framework of architectural theory and the filling theory innovation, the author gives his understanding on the framework of architectural theory with Chinese characteristics.

Keywords： theory of architecture     framework of architectural theory     starting point and finishing point ofarchitectural theory     innovation in architectural theory    

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Filtering antennas: from innovative concepts to industrial applications Review Articles

Yun-fei CAO, Yao ZHANG, Xiu-yin ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 116-127 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900474

Abstract: A filtering antenna is a device with both filtering and radiating capabilities. It can be used to reduce the cross-band mutual coupling between the closely spaced elements operating at different frequency bands. We review the authors’ work on filtering antenna designs and three related dual-band base-station antenna arrays as application examples. The filtering antenna designs include single- and dual-polarized filtering patch antennas, a single-polarized omni-directional filtering dipole antenna, and a dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna for the base station. The filtering antennas in this paper feature an innovative concept of eliminating extra filtering circuits, unlike other available antennas. For each design, the filtering structure is finely integrated with the radiators or feeding lines. As a result, the proposed designs have the advantages of compact size, simple structure, good in-band radiation performance, and low levels of loss, and do not contain complicated filtering circuits. Based on the proposed filtering antennas, single- and dual-polarized dual-band antenna arrays were developed. Separate antenna elements at different frequency bands were used to achieve the dual-band performance. The cross-band mutual couplings between the elements at different bands were reduced substantially using the antenna inherent filtering performance. The dual-band arrays exhibited better performance as compared to typical industrial products. Some of the proposed technologies have been transferred into the industry.

Keywords： Filtering antenna     Dual-band     Antenna array    

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Current Source Active Power Filter Control UsingNeural Network Technologies

Wang Ping,Zhang Ke, Xu Huijun

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 40-43

Abstract:

In this paper,the application of neural network to power converter control is discussed.A new hysteresis comparator constructed by using neural network is introduced.Hysteresis band control is an effective and simple control method.It can easily run without many system parameters.But the switch frequency of system is not fixed.So it not only makes the system unstable but also may lessen the life span of the switches. The control method that combines the neural network technology with the hysteresis band technology has a high performance in response of current.Through training the neural network can learn the control rules by itself and can replace the real hysteresis comparator in power converter control.The computer simulation results are given in this paper and they can demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The neural network is realized by using DSP.

Keywords： source filter     neural network     hysteresis comparator    

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A New Real-time Detecting Method for Harmonic Current Based on Iterative Algorithm in Active Power Filter

Li Zicheng,Sun Yukun

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 46-50

Abstract:

At present, many detecting methods for harmonic and reactive currents have been put forward. Though having their characteristics respectively, they have insurmountable problems, such as vast calculating work, bad real time performance, low measurement precision and so on. Based on the foundation of load current analysis, a new real-time detecting method for harmonic current based on iterative algorithm in active power filter is proposed, It has the characteristics of very little calculating work, nice real time performance and high measurement precision. The correctness of the method is verified by theory analysis and computer simulation research.

Keywords： active power filter     harmonics current     active current     reactive current    

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The Improving Characteristics of the Gradual Gaussian Multidimensional Pre-filter for Optical Flow Estimation

Fu Jun,Xu Weipu

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 12,   Pages 56-61

Abstract:

Based on the unified estimation-theoretic framework, an effective method of using the gradual Gaussian multidimensional pre-filter to improve the optical flow estimation is presented. The pre-filtering and smoothing effect, which attenuate the temporal aliasing and the interesting signal structure of the optical flow field, are altered with adjusting the spatiotemporal standard deviation parameters. The first 50 frames of the standard Flower Garden and Football video sequence are tested as the reference image sequences, and the LK algorithm as the reference optical flow computing method. Experimental results in objective evaluation show that the optimum temporal standard deviation parameter is 0.4, the optimum spatial standard deviation parameter is in a range of 1.6～2.0 under the condition that the pre-filtering window size is 5 × 5 pixels. After pre-filtering the image sequence by the Gaussian multidimensional filter, the average PSNR of the reconstructed frames enhance 2.572 dB, higher than that using the standard optical flow computing method by nearly 13.6 % .

Keywords： optical flow computing     Gaussian multidimensional filter     PSNR     motion estimation    

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Robust mismatched filtering algorithm for passive bistatic radar using worst-case performance optimization Research Articles

Gang Chen, Jun Wang,chengang_xidian@163.com,wangjun@xidian.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 7,   Pages 963-1118 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900150

Abstract: detects targets by exploiting available local broadcasters and communication transmissions as illuminators, which are not designed for radar. The signal usually contains a time-varying structure, which may result in high-level range ambiguity sidelobes. Because the mismatched filter is effective in suppressing sidelobes, it can be used in a . However, due to the in the reference signal, the sidelobe suppression performance seriously degrades in a system. To solve this problem, a novel algorithm is developed using . In this algorithm, the influence of the low energy level in the reference signal is taken into consideration, and a new cost function is built based on . With this optimization, the mismatched filter weights can be obtained by minimizing the total energy of the ambiguity . Quantitative evaluations and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can realize sidelobe suppression when there is a low-energy reference signal. Its effectiveness is proved using real data.

Keywords： 外辐射源雷达；距离副峰；低信噪比；失配滤波；最差性能最优    

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A novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter Research Articles

Yulong HUANG, Mingming BAI, Yonggang ZHANG,heuedu@163.com,mingming.bai@hrbeu.edu.cn,zhangyg@hrbeu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 422-437 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000642

Abstract: This paper presents a novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter (MORKF) for linear stochastic discrete-time systems. A new is first proposed to evaluate the similarity between two random vectors from dimension to dimension. Then, the proposed MORKF is derived via maximizing a based cost function. The MORKF guarantees the convergence of iterations in mild conditions, and the boundedness of the approximation errors is analyzed theoretically. The selection strategy for the similarity function and comparisons with existing robust methods are presented. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed filter.

Keywords： Kalman filtering     Multiple statistical similarity measure     Multiple outliers     Fixed-point iteration     State estimate    

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Compact input-reflectionless balanced bandpass filter with flexible bandwidth using three-line coupled structure Research Article

Yahui ZHU, Jing CAI, Wei QIN, Wenwen YANG, Jianxin CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 2,   Pages 314-326 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200261

Abstract: A compact input-reflectionless with flexible bandwidth (BW) using a is presented in this paper. For the , the TLCS is applied to achieve the bandpass response; meanwhile, the input coupled-feed line of the TLCS is reused in the input absorption network. This design shows a good fusion of the absorptive and BPF sections, effectively reducing the circuit size, and the BWs of the two sections that can be controlled separately result in a flexibly controllable DM response BW of the proposed input-reflectionless balanced BPF. Detailed analyses of the ratio of the two-part BWs have been given for the first time, which is vital for the passband flatness and reflectionless feature. In the codesign of this work, the input-reflectionless DM bandpass response can be optimized easily, while wideband noise absorption is achieved by the input absorption network. To verify the design method, a prototype with a compact layout (0.52×0.36) is designed and measured in the 0‍‒‍7.0 GHz range. The DM center frequency () is 2.45 GHz with a measured 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 31.4%. The simulation and measurement results with good agreement are presented, showing good performance, e.g., low insertion loss (0.43 dB), wide upper stopband for the DM bandpass response (over 20 dB rejection level up to 2.72), and wideband DM reflectionless and CM noise absorption (fractional absorption bandwidth of 285.7%).

Keywords： Input-reflectionless filter     Balanced bandpass filter (BPF)     Differential mode (DM)     Common mode (CM)     Three-line coupled structure (TLCS)    

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Exploiting a depth contextmodel in visual tracking with correlation filter Article

Zhao-yun CHEN, Lei LUO, Da-fei HUANG, Mei WEN, Chun-yuan ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 667-679 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500389

Abstract: Recently correlation filter based trackers have attracted considerable attention for their high computational efficiency. However, they cannot handle occlusion and scale variation well enough. This paper aims at preventing the tracker from failure in these two situations by integrating the depth information into a correlation filter based tracker. By using RGB-D data, we construct a depth context model to reveal the spatial correlation between the target and its surrounding regions. Furthermore, we adopt a region growing method to make our tracker robust to occlusion and scale variation. Additional optimizations such as a model updating scheme are applied to improve the performance for longer video sequences. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on challenging benchmark image sequences demonstrate that the proposed tracker performs favourably against state-of-the-art algorithms.

Keywords： Visual tracking     Depth context model     Correlation filter     Region growing    

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Convergence analysis of distributed Kalman filtering for relative sensing networks Research

Che LIN, Rong-hao ZHENG, Gang-feng YAN, Shi-yuan LU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 9,   Pages 1063-1075 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700066

Abstract:

We study the distributed Kalman filtering problem in relative sensing networks with rigorous analysis. The relative sensing network is modeled by an undirected graph while nodes in this network are running homogeneous dynamical models. The sufficient and necessary condition for the observability of the whole system is given with detailed proof. By local information and measurement communication, we design a novel distributed suboptimal estimator based on the Kalman filtering technique for comparison with a centralized optimal estimator. We present sufficient conditions for its convergence with respect to the topology of the network and the numerical solutions of n linear matrix inequality (LMI) equations combining system parameters. Finally, we perform several numerical simulations to verify the effectiveness of the given algorithms.

Keywords： Relative sensing network     Distributed Kalman filter     Schur stable     Linear matrix inequality    

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COPPER: a combinatorial optimization problem solver with processing-in-memory architecture Correspondence

Yitong YAO, Gang DONG, Zhangming ZHU, Yintang YANG,19111110564@stu.xidian.edu.cn,gdong@xidian.edu.cn,zhangmingzhu@xidian.edu.cn,ytyang@xidian.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 5,   Pages 759-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200398

Abstract: We present a novel broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna with filtering effect for X- and Ku-band satellite wireless communication. The structure comprises a driven layer (also a filtering layer) and a stacked layer (also a CP layer). The bandpass filtering response consists of two radiation nulls, which is the combined effect of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed aperture and embedded driven patch. The chamfered patch is introduced as the stacked component with the ability to achieve CP and widen the operating bandwidth. A prototype with a compact layout of 0.8λ×0.71λ×0.16λ is fabricated using a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) process for demonstration. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, and show that the measured -10-dB impedance bandwidth and 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth are 10.83% and 15.54%, respectively. In addition, a peak gain of 8.9 dBic for left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), an average in-band gainLHCP > 7 dBic, and good frequency selectivity are obtained.

Keywords： 圆极化；滤波效应；贴片天线；衬底集成波导    

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A subband excitation substitute based scheme for narrowband speech watermarking Article

Wei LIU, Ai-qun HU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 627-643 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601503

Abstract: We propose a new narrowband speech watermarking scheme by replacing part of the speech with a scaled and spectrally shaped hidden signal. Theoretically, it is proved that if a small amount of host speech is modified, then not only an ideal channel model for hidden communication can be established, but also high imperceptibility and good intelligibility can be achieved. Furthermore, a practical system implementation is proposed. At the embedder, the power normalization criterion is first imposed on a passband watermark signal by forcing its power level to be the same as the original passband excitation of the cover speech, and a synthesis filter is then used to spectrally shape the scaled watermark signal. At the extractor, a bandpass filter is first used to get rid of the out-of-band signal, and an analysis filter is then employed to compensate for the distortion introduced by the synthesis filter. Experimental results show that the data rate is as high as 400 bits/s with better bandwidth efficiency, and good imperceptibility is achieved. Moreover, this method is robust against various attacks existing in real applications.

Keywords： Analysis filter     Linear prediction     Narrowband speech watermarking     Passband excitation replacement     Power normalization     Spectral envelope shaping     Synthesis filter    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A random finite set based joint probabilistic data association filter with non-homogeneous Markov chain

Yun Zhu, Shuang Liang, Xiaojun Wu, Honghong Yang,yunzhu@snnu.edu.cn,xjwu@snnu.edu.cn

Journal Article

ApproximateGaussian conjugacy: parametric recursive filtering under nonlinearity,multimodality, uncertainty, and constraint, and beyond

Tian-cheng LI, Jin-ya SU, Wei LIU, Juan M. CORCHADO

Journal Article

基于ARIMA和Kalman滤波的道路交通状态实时预测

东伟 徐,永东 王,利民 贾,勇 秦,宏辉 董

Journal Article

Analysis of Theory of Architecture

Gu Mengchao

Journal Article

Filtering antennas: from innovative concepts to industrial applications

Yun-fei CAO, Yao ZHANG, Xiu-yin ZHANG

Journal Article

Current Source Active Power Filter Control UsingNeural Network Technologies

Wang Ping,Zhang Ke, Xu Huijun

Journal Article

A New Real-time Detecting Method for Harmonic Current Based on Iterative Algorithm in Active Power Filter

Li Zicheng,Sun Yukun

Journal Article

The Improving Characteristics of the Gradual Gaussian Multidimensional Pre-filter for Optical Flow Estimation

Fu Jun,Xu Weipu

Journal Article

Robust mismatched filtering algorithm for passive bistatic radar using worst-case performance optimization

Gang Chen, Jun Wang,chengang_xidian@163.com,wangjun@xidian.edu.cn

Journal Article

A novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter

Yulong HUANG, Mingming BAI, Yonggang ZHANG,heuedu@163.com,mingming.bai@hrbeu.edu.cn,zhangyg@hrbeu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Compact input-reflectionless balanced bandpass filter with flexible bandwidth using three-line coupled structure

Yahui ZHU, Jing CAI, Wei QIN, Wenwen YANG, Jianxin CHEN

Journal Article

Exploiting a depth contextmodel in visual tracking with correlation filter

Zhao-yun CHEN, Lei LUO, Da-fei HUANG, Mei WEN, Chun-yuan ZHANG

Journal Article

Convergence analysis of distributed Kalman filtering for relative sensing networks

Che LIN, Rong-hao ZHENG, Gang-feng YAN, Shi-yuan LU

Journal Article

COPPER: a combinatorial optimization problem solver with processing-in-memory architecture

Yitong YAO, Gang DONG, Zhangming ZHU, Yintang YANG,19111110564@stu.xidian.edu.cn,gdong@xidian.edu.cn,zhangmingzhu@xidian.edu.cn,ytyang@xidian.edu.cn

Journal Article

A subband excitation substitute based scheme for narrowband speech watermarking

Wei LIU, Ai-qun HU

Journal Article