300m 级特高拱坝建设关键技术与实践
Key Technologies in the Design and Construction of 300 m Ultra-High Arch Dams
中国于2000 年成功建设二滩拱坝( 高240 m)以来,至2014 年年底已建成7 座坝高超过200 m 的特高拱坝,其中锦屏一级拱坝(高305 m)、小湾拱坝(高294.5 m)、溪洛渡拱坝(高285.5 m)不仅坝高达300 m 级,而且因地质条件复杂,水推力巨大,抗震要求高,在安全控制技术等方面取得了新的突破。本文主要阐述300 m 级特高拱坝的基础可利用岩体及合理建基面、体形优化设计、安全设计准则、抗震研究与抗震措施、复杂地基的典型处理、混凝土及施工期温控防裂等关键技术。
Starting with the Ertan arch dam (240 m high, 3300 MW) in 2000, China successfully built a total of seven ultra-high arch dams over 200 m tall by the end of 2014. Among these, the Jinping I (305 m), Xiaowan (294.5m), and Xiluodu (285.5 m) arch dams have reached the 300 m height level (i.e., near or over 300 m), making them the tallest arch dams in the world. The design and construction of these 300 m ultra-high arch dams posed significant challenges, due to high water pressures, high seismic design criteria, and complex geological conditions. The engineering team successfully tackled these challenges and made critical breakthroughs, especially in the area of safety control. In this paper, the author summarizes various key technological aspects involved in the design and construction of 300?m ultra-high arch dams, including the strength and stability of foundation rock, excavation of the dam base and surface treatment, dam shape optimization, safety design guidelines, seismic analysis and design, treatment of a complex foundation, concrete temperature control, and crack prevention. The experience gained from these projects should be valuable for future practitioners.
特高拱坝 / 优化设计 / 整体安全 / 抗震安全 / 混凝土温控
Ultra-high arch dam / Shape optimization / Arch dam overall safety / Seismic safety / Concrete temperature control
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