《2030 年可持续发展议程》概述了17 个独立的可持续发展目标(SDGs)，用于指导世界范围内包括工程、科研、政策和发展在内的大量专业学科的实践。SDGs 致力于减少贫困、饥饿和疾病，同时致力于改善性别歧视、环境恶化以及水和卫生设施匮乏的现状。但是，如果我们采取传统的简化方法研究和优化其中的单一目标，很可能由于在实现其他目标时带来的意外后果，而导致在技术、政策或管理层面的失败。本研究采用系统分析方法研究SDGs 之间的动态机理，识别个体目标之间的协同或拮抗作用，构建了一个概念系统模型来说明SDGs 之间的因果联系，利用了通用系统基模来检验系统结构，确定了杠杆节点来有效控制系统中的预期变化并最小化非预期变化。SDGs 之间相互作用的结构反映了系统行为的三种基模：强化成长、成长上限和成长与投资不足。由概念模型确定的杠杆节点包括：性别平等、水和卫生设施的可持续管理、可替代资源、可持续生活标准和全球伙伴关系。这种对SDGs 的概念系统分析能够加深发展社区对资源管理、环境可持续发展和气候变化相关项目带来的潜在协同效应的理解。通过把项目间的影响和反馈与经济收益、妇女平权和教育平等联系起来，利益相关者可以意识到可从整体上改善全球众多贫困群体的生活质量。

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines 17 individual Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that guide the needs of practice for many professional disciplines around the world, including engineering, research, policy, and development. The SDGs represent commitments to reduce poverty, hunger, ill health, gender inequality, environmental degradation, and lack of access to clean water and sanitation. If a typical reductionist approach is employed to address and optimize individual goals, it may lead to a failure in technological, policy, or managerial development interventions through unintended consequences in other goals. This study uses a systems approach to understand the fundamental dynamics between the SDGs in order to identify potential synergies and antagonisms. A conceptual system model was constructed to illustrate the causal relationships between SDGs, examine system structures using generic system archetypes, and identify leverage points to effectively influence intentional and minimize unintentional changes in the system. The structure of interactions among the SDGs reflects three archetypes of system behavior: Reinforcing Growth, Limits to Growth, and Growth and Underinvestment. The leverage points identified from the conceptual model are gender equality, sustainable management of water and sanitation, alternative resources, sustainable livelihood standards, and global partnerships. Such a conceptual system analysis of SDGs can enhance the likelihood that the development community will broaden its understanding of the potential synergistic benefits of their projects on resource management, environmental sustainability, and climate change. By linking the interactions and feedbacks of those projects with economic gains, women's empowerment, and educational equality, stakeholders can recognize holistic improvements that can be made to the quality of life of many of the world's poor.