工业废渣资源化——针铁矿渣价值化过程的环境影响评价
Andrea Di Maria , Karel Van Acker
工程(英文) ›› 2018, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3) : 421 -429.
工业废渣资源化——针铁矿渣价值化过程的环境影响评价
Turning Industrial Residues into Resources: An Environmental Impact Assessment of Goethite Valorization
针铁矿是锌生产过程中产生的富含金属的灰渣。从针铁矿中回收金属被证明是可行的,但大规模回收不具备经济可行性。因此,目前针铁矿采用填埋处理,不仅经济成本高,而且环境风险大。本研究的目标是对一种新的针铁矿灰渣稳定化方法进行环境影响评价,该方法旨在回收针铁矿中有用的锌并通过生成清洁副产物避免填埋针铁矿。所述的针铁矿稳定化方法包含两道工序:① 等离子体烟化和②烟化渣无机聚合。等离子体烟化通过针铁矿烟化回收有用金属。脱去金属的烟化渣经无机聚合形成无机聚合物,无机聚合物可作为一种新建材代替普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)混凝土。生命周期评价(LCA)用于比较无机聚合物的环境影响与等效普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土的环境影响。生命周期评价结果显示烟化法和无机聚合的环境负担与回收金属、代替普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土、避免针铁矿填埋的环境效益之间此消彼长的关系。由于避免了针铁矿的填埋,用针铁矿生产无机聚合物在一些环境影响类别里的环境表现更好。然而,在全球变暖等另外一些环境影响类别里,针铁矿稳定化受到等离子体烟化法高能耗要求的影响很大,能耗要求高是本文提出的针铁矿回收方案的环境热点。本文指出了实现针铁矿可持续稳定化的关键要素,包括使用清洁能源、提高烟化气排放控制的有效性和通过提高无机聚合过程的效率减少烟化渣的使用。
Goethite is a metals-rich residue that occurs during zinc production. The feasibility of metal recovery from goethite has been demonstrated, but is not economically viable on an industrial scale. Therefore, goethite is landfilled with considerable economic costs and environmental risks. The goal of this study is to evaluate the environmental performance of a new valorization strategy for goethite residues from zinc production, with the aims of: ① recovering the valuable zinc contained in the goethite and ② avoiding the landfilling of goethite by producing a clean byproduct. The presented goethite valorization strategy consists of a sequence of two processes: ① plasma fuming and ② inorganic polymerization of the fumed slag. Plasma fuming recovers the valuable metals by fuming the goethite. The metals-free fumed slag undergoes a process of inorganic polymerization to form inorganic polymers, that can be used as a novel building material, as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based concrete. Lifecycle assessment (LCA) is used to compare the environmental performance of the inorganic polymer with the environmental performances of equivalent OPC-based concrete. The LCA results show the tradeoff between the environmental burdens of the fuming process and inorganic polymerization versus the environmental benefits of metal recovery, OPC concrete substitution, and the avoidance of goethite landfilling. The goethite-based inorganic polymers production shows better performances in several environmental impact categories, thanks to the avoided landfilling of goethite. However, in other environmental impact categories, such as global warming, the goethite valorization is strongly affected by the high-energy requirements of the plasma-fuming process, which represent the environmental hotspots of the proposed goethite recycling scheme. The key elements toward the sustainability of goethite valorization have been identified, and include the use of a clean electric mix, more effective control of the fumed gas emissions, and a reduced use of fumed slag through increased efficiency of the inorganic polymerization process.
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