土石坝SH 波地震反射成像
SH-Mode Seismic-Reflection Imaging of Earthfill Dams
评价地下物性和地质特征成像(如断层、空洞、低速层等)是近地表地球物理学中的经典问题,这些问题通常会危害岩土工程,尤其对大型土石防洪坝这类高危结构物危害更大。在美国,由于大部分重要的基础设施在20 世纪初至20 世纪中叶设计建成,目前这些堤坝已处于设计寿命的末期,之前被人忽略的或者在设计建造过程中被认为无关紧要的细微缺陷将会对堤坝安全造成严重威胁。这些构造在高水动力条件下会加速薄弱区域的恶化,并破坏其长期完整性。仅用传统钻探技术解决大坝的相关问题通常存在不足(缺乏横向分辨率),过高的成本同样限制了钻探技术的发展。然而,有选择的岩土钻探技术与近地表地球物理相结合,尤其是对堤坝内部细小结构和地质基础条件成像方面的剪切波(shear-wave,SH 波)地震反射技术,可以有效地降低堤坝修复工程所需的成本。为支持上述观点,本文以美国中部两个防洪坝为例,对其原位组分和工程建设组分进行SH 波地震反射成像。
Assessing subsurface characteristics and imaging geologic features (e.g., faults, cavities, low-velocity layers, etc.) are typical problems in near-surface geophysics. These questions often have adverse geotechnical engineering implications, and can be especially acute when associated with high-hazard structures such as large earthen flood-control dams. Dam-related issues are becoming more frequent in the United States, because a large part of this major infrastructure was designed and constructed in the early- to mid-twentieth century; these dams are thus passing into the latter stages of their design life, where minute flaws that were overlooked or thought to be insignificant in design/construction are now proving problematic. The high-hydraulic heads associated with these structures can quicken degradation of weak areas and compromise long-term integrity. Addressing dam-related problems solely with traditional invasive drilling techniques is often inadequate (i.e., lack of lateral resolution) and/or economically exorbitant at this scale. However, strategic geotechnical drilling integrated with the broad utility of near-surface geophysics, particularly the horizontally polarized shear-wave (SH-mode) seismic-reflection technique for imaging the internal structural detail and geological foundation conditions of earthfill embankment dams can cost-effectively improve the overall subsurface definition needed for remedial engineering. Demonstrative evidence for this supposition is provided in the form of SH-wave seismic-reflection imaging of in situ and engineered as-built components of flood-control embankment dams at two example sites in the central United States.
地球物理 / 地震反射 / 剪切波 / 近地表 / 坝体安全
Geophysics / Seismic reflection / Shear-wave / Near-surface / Dam safety
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