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通过定量分析植物初级代谢产物和酶代谢库发现除草剂新作用位点
Franck E. Dayan, Stephen O. Duke
工程（英文） ›› 2020, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (5) : 509-514.
PDF(475 KB)
PDF(475 KB)
通过定量分析植物初级代谢产物和酶代谢库发现除草剂新作用位点
Discovery for New Herbicide Sites of Action by Quantification of plant Primary Metabolite and Enzyme Pools
自20世纪80年代以来，具有新分子作用位点（SOA）的除草剂一直没有被发现。从那时起，杂草对大多数商用除草剂产生了广谱抗性，这极大地增加了对具有新SOA的除草剂的需求。本文讨论了两种未被尝试过的方法，用于发现除草剂的新SOA。一些初级代谢中间产物（如原卟啉IX和鞘氨醇碱）对植物有毒性，因此，在植物体内，这些化合物的浓度水平非常低。确定所有初级代谢产物的植物毒性和代谢库大小，有利于识别相关SOA。本文讨论的发现除草剂的第一种新方法是研究导致植物毒性化合物积累的SOA，第二种方法是识别体内酶水平非常低的潜在SOA。我们知道，SOA的酶分子数量越多，杀死植物所需的除草剂就越多。现代蛋白质组学方法可以识别酶水平较低的SOA，为除草剂的发现提供依据。这些方法可能有助于发现与天然化合物更紧密相关并且可以在低剂量下使用的除草剂。
No herbicide with a new molecular site of action (SOA) has been introduced since the 1980s. Since then, the widespread evolution of resistance of weeds to most commercial herbicides has greatly increased the need for herbicides with new SOAs. Two untried strategies for the discovery on new herbicide SOAs are discussed. Some primary metabolism intermediates are phytotoxic (e.g., protoporphyrin IX and sphingoid bases), and, because of this, the in vivo concentrations of these compounds are maintained at very low levels by plants. The determination of all primary metabolite phytotoxicities and pool sizes will identify targets of interest. Targeting SOAs that result in accumulation of phytotoxic compounds is the first novel approach to herbicide discovery. The second approach is to identify potential SOAs with very low in vivo enzyme levels. We know that higher numbers of enzyme molecules for a SOA requires more herbicide to kill a plant. Modern proteomic methods can identify low enzyme level SOAs for biorational herbicide discovery. These approaches might be useful in discovery of herbicides more closely related to natural compounds and that can be used in lower doses.
Natural products / Biorational discovery / Mode of action / Herbicide
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