基于车载测试的轻型汽油车实际道路黑碳排放特征研究

工程（英文） ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (9) : 73 -81. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.009

郑轩 ^a^,^b ,
何立强 ^b ,
何晓旖 ^c ,
张少君 ^b^,^d ,
曹翊寰 ^b ,
郝吉明 ^b^,^d ,
吴烨 ^b^,^d

作者信息 +

Real-Time Black Carbon Emissions from Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System

Xuan Zheng ^a^,^b ,
Liqiang He ^b ,
Xiaoyi He ^c ,
Shaojun Zhang ^b^,^d ,
Yihuan Cao ^b ,
Jiming Hao ^b^,^d ,
Ye Wu ^b^,^d

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

黑碳（BC）是影响气候的第二大人为因素，但BC的辐射效应与其燃烧来源息息相关。BC的人为排放源主要是道路机动车。然而，目前轻型汽油车（LDPV）的BC排放估算存在很大的不确定性，尤其缺乏使用车载测试（PEMS）方法获得的估算结果。本研究开发了一款新型轻型车PEMS平台，并对10 辆在用车进行了实际道路BC排放测试。结果表明，缸内直喷（GDI）车辆BC排放因子（EF）的范围为1.10~1.56 mg∙ km⁻¹，是进气道喷射（PFI）车辆EFs（0.10~0.17 mg∙km⁻¹）的11 倍。冷启动阶段BC排放贡献显著，可占排放总量的2%~33%。与此同时，相对BC EFs 和平均车速存在强相关性（R² = 0.70），这表明缓解交通拥堵可以有效减少BC排放。此外，BC与颗粒物数浓度（PN）排放呈线性相关（R² = 0.90）。与PFI 车辆相比，所有速度区间内GDI车辆的PN与BC瞬时排放速率的比值对车辆比功率-速度（VSP-v）的增加并不敏感。

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer, but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources. On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic BC. However, there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles (LDPVs), and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) method are particularly lacking. We developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use LDPVs. We demonstrated that the BC emission factors (EFs) of gasoline direction injection (GDI) engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 mg·km⁻¹, which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection (PFI) engine vehicles (0.10–0.17 mg·km⁻¹) by a factor of 11. The BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33% to the total emissions. A strong correlation (R² = 0.70) was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed, indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC emissions. Moreover, BC and particle number (PN) emissions were linearly correlated (R² = 0.90), and compared to PFI engine vehicles, the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle-specific power-to-velocity (VSPV) increase in all speed ranges.

关键词

黑碳 / 轻型汽油车 / 车载测试 / 实际道路排放

Key words

Black carbon / Light-duty gasoline vehicles / Portable emissions measurement system / Real-time emissions

引用本文

引用格式 ▾

郑轩,何立强,何晓旖,张少君,曹翊寰,郝吉明,吴烨. 基于车载测试的轻型汽油车实际道路黑碳排放特征研究[J]. 工程（英文）, 2022, 16(9): 73-81 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.009

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1、引言

黑碳（BC）或碳烟的产生主要是由于化石燃料、生物燃料、生物质和其他燃料的不完全燃烧。BC现已被公认为是继二氧化碳（CO₂）之后具有第二强度温室效应的污染物。与CO₂相比，BC存留时间短，但冰雪对BC辐射强迫的单位表面温度响应是CO₂的2~4倍[1]。据报道，全球范围内的BC已向喜马拉雅山脉和青藏高原等地区转移，将导致这些地区的冰川迅速溶化，其影响堪比温室气体[2‒3]。然而，目前对BC辐射效应的评估仍存在很大的不确定性，其中一个重要原因是各种燃烧源产生的BC在其聚集过程中表现出不同的分形维数，从而具有不同的辐射特性[4‒5]。交通排放是城市地区人为BC排放的一个重要来源[6]。一项基于大规模和高密度的BC传感器监测网络的最新研究表明，高速公路附近的大气BC浓度高于居民区和工业区[7]。因此，BC显著的气候变化效应和中国汽车保有量的激增促使我们对道路机动车BC排放进行表征。

据报道，中国的轻型汽油车（LDPV）保有量超过两亿辆[8‒9]。在过去10年中，LDPV的BC排放主要通过实验室（即台架测试）和环境采样（例如，烟羽跟踪以及路边和隧道采样）进行测量。然而，这些方法对在测量LDPV的BC排放方面存在较大的不确定性。在台架测试中，测试循环[如新欧洲驾驶循环（NEDC）]难以代表实际道路运行工况，可能会导致结果有潜在的不确定性[10]。在遥感测试中，几秒或几分钟的短时测试时间可能无法充分反映复杂交通状况对BC排放的影响。另外，冷启动期间BC排放的贡献需要深入研究，例如，在NEDC工况中，冷启动期间对于BC总排放的贡献可达18%~76%[11]。与上述方法相比，车载测试系统（PEMS）能够准确记录污染物瞬时排放量，车辆行驶参数（如车辆加速度和速度）和发动机状态（如负载和节气门位置）也可通过车载诊断系统（OBD）获得。因此，欧洲和中国已将PEMS方法作为新的实际驾驶排放（RDE）测试法规纳入其最新排放标准（即欧6和国6）中[12‒13]。然而，法规测试通常只关注常规气态污染物和颗粒物数浓度（PN）的排放[13‒14]。迄今为止，除Wang等[15]基于尾气管直采的方法报道了车辆实时BC排放之外，尚未有研究报道LDPV在实际道路的BC排放特征。需指出，与准确的尾气管采样相比，基于环境空气的采样方法可能会极大地高估BC排放量。例如，Zheng等[11]通过台架测试测量了LDPV的BC排放，结果显示基于燃油消耗的排放因子（EF）范围为1.7~8.9 mg∙kg^-1，远低于基于环境移动监测平台的研究结果（例如，Liggio等[14]研究中的结果约为75 mg∙kg^-1，Ježek等[16]研究中的结果为280 mg∙kg^-1）。Wang等[15]进行了烟羽跟踪和原位采样法的同步测试，发现同一LDPV通过烟羽跟踪法测定的BC排放比尾气管直采的结果大约高10倍（即313 mg∙kg^-1和39.5 mg∙kg^-1）。然而，Wang等[15]没有开展车辆在实际运行时的排放测量，因此无法分析运行工况对BC排放的影响。PEMS方法能在不同运行条件下实时测量BC排放，对于表征LDPV在实际道路运行时的BC排放至关重要，但现有的研究中缺少此类分析。此外，在已知的文献报道中，欧3和国3排放标准中已经规定了冷启动下的气态污染物排放限值，但尚未有研究对LDPV在实际运行时的冷启动BC排放进行表征。由于LDPV保有量大，有必要开展并测量真实道路运行条件下LDPV的BC排放和冷启动排放。

本研究采用PEMS平台测量车辆实时运行时的BC排放，分别于中国深圳和北京选取了10辆在用LDPV，包括进气道（PFI）车辆和缸内直喷（GDI）车辆。采用AVLMSS Plus仪器（AVL List GmbH，奥地利）来测量基于微观运行工况下的瞬时BC排放。此外，本研究还对发动机技术、冷启动工况、环境温度和实际驾驶条件的影响进行了深入分析。

2、方法论

2.1 便携式排放测量系统平台

本研究的新型PEMS平台（图1）集成了全球定位系统（GPS）、2 in (1 in = 2.54 cm)气体流量计、Ecostar环境温度湿度传感器（Sensor Inc.，美国）、Ecostar气体分析仪（Sensor Inc.，美国）、Ecostar PN检测器（Sensor Inc.，美国）和带有两级稀释系统的BC检测器（AVL List GmbH，奥地利）。气体分析仪符合美国环境保护署（EPA）CFR40第1065条规定[17‒18]，使用不分散红外分析仪（NDIR）和氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）测量CO₂、CO和总烃（THC）的逐秒排放，同时记录汽车尾气量和尾气流速。PN检测器（尺寸大于23 nm）符合微粒测量程序（PMP），通过丁醇缩合记录瞬时PN浓度[13,19]。尾气通过气体流量计后，一部分进入PN检测器，另一部分进入BC检测器。BC检测器符合美国汽车工程师协会（SAE）AIR6142标准，基于光声测量原理运行，能准确、可靠地测量非挥发性粒子的逐秒排放[20]。BC检测器包含内置稀释系统，稀释率为20倍（用于稀释的空气经过过滤）。当含有BC的气流进入检测器的激光腔时，BC会吸收激光的能量并释放出信号，该信号以声波的形式被检测器接收从而对BC进行定量。与基于光吸收法的BC测量仪相比，本研究使用的BC检测器克服了因忽略光散射而导致的低估BC浓度的问题[21]。

图1 本研究中的PEMS平台。GPS：全球定位系统。

2.2 测试车辆和采样路线

PEMS测试于2019年在中国深圳（夏季）和北京（冬季）进行，共测量了10辆在用LDPV。所选取的车辆生产于2012—2018年，其中6辆车符合国4排放标准，4辆车符合国5排放标准。表1提供了被测LDPV的详细信息。PFI车辆的国4排放标准于2011年开始实施，GDI车辆的国4排放标准于2014年开始实施，国5排放标准则于2016年从华东的11个省份开始实施。到2018年，符合国4和国5排放标准的车辆占中国注册LDPV的80%以上，代表了当前LDPV的市场趋势[22]。被测的LDPV中6辆（#1~#6）配备PFI发动机，4辆（#7~#10）配备GDI发动机，所有车辆均未安装汽油车颗粒过滤器（GPF）。为了研究冷启动期间的BC排放，所有车辆在测试前均浸车6 h以上。需指出，深圳（夏季）试验中，浸车是在室外进行的，发动机内部（即机油）与环境温差在2 ℃以内。北京（冬季）试验中，浸车和PEMS平台的安装都在实验室内进行。实验室温度约为25 ℃，故本研究结果不能反映低温下的冷启动BC排放。

表1 车辆信息汇总

Vehicle number	Manufacturer	Model year ^a	Main application	Emission standard	Curb weight (kg)	Fuel injection system	After-treatment device	Engine size (L)	Mileage traveled (km)	Ambient temperature (℃)
#1	Ford	2012	Private cars	China 4	1340	PFI	TWC	1.8	130957	2
#2	TOYOTA	2012	Private cars	China 4	1300	PFI	TWC	1.6	58747	33
#3	Buick	2015	Private cars	China 4	1430	PFI	TWC	1.4	91334	21
#4	Buick	2015	Private cars	China 4	1595	PFI	TWC	2.4	118347	3
#5	Volkswagen	2016	Private cars	China 5	1265	PFI	TWC	1.6	104611	22
#6	Buick	2017	Privatecars	China 5	1225	PFI	TWC	1.5	57949	24
#7	Volkswagen	2014	Private cars	China 4	1600	GDI	TWC	1.8	28976	22
#8	Dongfeng	2016	Private cars	China 5	1305	GDI	TWC	1.2	72495	33
#9	Honda	2018	Private cars	China 5	1205	GDI	TWC	1.5	11367	27
#10	Chevrolet	2018	Private cars	China 5	1520	GDI	TWC	1.5	50912	3

测试路线包括三种道路类型：城市道路、市郊道路和高速公路。车辆在每种道路上的行驶里程均约为16 km，城市道路、市郊道路和高速公路的平均速度分别为(21±7) km∙h^-1、(50±15) km∙h^-1和(76±14) km∙h^-1（请参阅附录A中的表S1）。车辆所用燃油来自加油站，符合国6汽油标准[23]。

2.3 排放量计算

BC EF采用公式（1）和公式（2）进行计算：

E F_{B C, d i s} = \frac{3600 \times (\sum_{i = 1}^{n} B C_{i} D R_{i} V_{i})}{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} S_{i}}

（1）

E F_{B C, f u e l} = 1000 \times (\frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} B C_{i} D R_{i} V_{i}}{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} (\frac{12}{44} \times C O_{2 i} + \frac{12}{28} \times C O_{i} + \frac{12}{13.85} \times T H C_{i})}) w_{c}

（2）

式中，EF_BC,dis是基于行驶里程的BC EF（mg∙km^-1）；BC是第i秒时的BC浓度（mg∙m^-3）；DR是第i秒时的稀释比；V是第i秒（m³∙s^-1）时的排气量；S是车辆在第i秒行驶的距离（km)；EF_BC,fuel是基于油耗的BC EF（mg∙kg^-1）；CO₂是第i秒的CO₂排放量（g）；CO为第i秒时的CO排放量（g）；THC为第i秒时THC的排放量（g）；w_c为汽油中碳的质量分数（0.866）；i是测试开始时间；n是测试结束时间。测试全程的CO₂、CO和THC的EF均列于附录A的表S2中。

运行模态分级法是现代车辆排放研究中的一种重要方法[24‒25]。该方法通过发动机比功率（VSP）将车辆的瞬时排放与瞬态工况联系起来[26‒27]。VSP由提出，用于表示每辆车单位质量下的实时功率。轻型车VSP计算方法如公式（3）[29‒30]所示：

V S P_{i} = v_{i} (1.1 \times a_{i} + 9.81 \times s i n θ + 0.132) + 0.000302 \times v_{i}^{3} （3） 式中，VSP 是第 i 秒时的发动机比功率（kW∙t -1 ）； v 是第 i 秒时的车辆速度（m∙s -1 ）； a 是第 i 秒时的加速度（m∙s -2 ）； θ 是道路坡度（弧度）。深圳和北京的道路普遍比较平坦，因此，本研究将道路坡度设为零。根据Zhang等[29]的报道，工况单元根据VSP和车速划分，具体划分方法列于附录A的表S3中。 基于不同发动机技术（即PFI和GDI）和每个样本的工况单元，BC或PN的平均排放速率采用公式（4）和公式（5）进行计算： E R_{j, i} = B C_{i} D R_{i} V_{i} （4） = \frac{1}{T_{k}} \sum_{i = 1}^{T_{k}} E R_{j, i} （5） 式中，ER, 是发动机技术 j 在第 i 秒下的BC或PN排放速率（mg∙s -1 或s -1 ）；ER, 是发动机技术 j 和工况单元 k 下的BC或PN平均排放速率（mg∙s -1 或s -1 ）； T 是工况单元 k 下的瞬时数据总量； j 是发动机技术的类型（如PFI、GDI）； k 是工况单元的序号（由VSP和速度进行定义）。 为了分析工况的影响，采用公式（6）计算全球统一轻型车辆测试循环（WLTC）和NEDC下的BC排放： （6） 式中，BC mass; 是循环 l （即NEDC或WLTC）下的BC排放量（mg）；BC mass,c 是本研究中冷启动条件下测量的BC平均排放量（mg）；ER 是工况单元 k 下的平均排放速率（mg∙s -1 ）； T 是给定周期下工况单元 k 的持续时间。WLTC和NEDC的速度曲线和时间分布如附录A的图S1所示，详细数据列于表S4。 WLTC可分为4个阶段，平均速度分别为18.9 km∙h -1 （低速）、39.5 km∙h -1 （中速）和71.3 km∙h -1 （高速和超高速），与本研究中三种道路类型的平均速度相当。WLTC的速度变化区间涵盖了本研究中所有工况的速度。因此，采用WLTC作为基准工况，以修正不同实际测试的结果。采用公式（7）将每辆车的实际BC EF换算为WLTC下的EF： 3600 \times \sum_{k}^{} (E R_{k} \times P_{k}) v_{0} （7） 式中，EF BC,dis0 是给定基准工况循环（即WLTC）下的BC EFs（mg∙km -1 ）； P 是WLTC下工况单元 k 的时间分数； v_{0} 是WLTC的平均速度（km∙h -1 ）。 先前的研究建立了车辆排放和燃料消耗与平均速度的分析函数[29,31]。通过类似方法，本研究将所有工况划分为短工况，并建立了各个短工况下的相对BC排放与平均车速之间的关系[27]，具体定义如公式（8）所示： R E F_{B C, m} = \frac{E F_{B C, d i s, m}}{E F_{B C, d i s 0}} （8） 式中，REF BC, 是被测车辆在短工况 m 下的相对BC EF；EF BC,dis, 是短工况 m 下的BC EF（mg∙km -1 ）； m 是短工况的序号。 3、 结果和讨论 3.1 测试车辆的BC排放 GDI车辆的BC排放远高于PFI车辆（图2）。PFI车辆（#1~#6）基于行驶里程的平均EF为(0.12±0.06) mg∙km -1 。而GDI车辆基于行驶里程的BC EF范围为1.10~1.56 mg∙km -1 ，平均值为(1.31±0.21) mg∙km -1 ，是PFI车辆的10倍以上。两种车辆的BC排放差异可能由燃油喷射技术和预混方式的不同造成[32‒35]。GDI车辆的缸内壁湿现象以及燃料和空气混合不均会导致更多的微粒（即BC）排放。 图2 城乡道路和高速公路上每辆车的BC排放量。ID：车辆编号。 GDI和PFI车辆基于燃油的平均BC EF之间的差异同上：PFI车辆为1.83±1.01 mg∙kg -1 ，GDI车辆为19.75±4.39 mg∙kg -1 。基于燃料消耗的BC EF根据常规气态污染物（即CO 2 、CO和THC）的排放量计算（请参阅附录A的表S2）。此外，CO 2 的EF为(210.06±38.64) g∙km -1 ，CO的EF为(0.91±1.00) g∙km -1 ，THC的EF为(0.02±0.01) g∙km -1 。由于排放标准的收严，本研究中被测车辆的CO和THC排放远低于中国早年（1998—2002年）LDPV车队（CO为2.39~39.28 g∙km -1 ，THC为0.11~3.30 g∙km -1 ）[36]。而CO 2 测试结果与先前研究相当[29,37‒38]。 研究结果显示，GDI车辆在任一速度区间内的BC排放量均高于PFI车辆（图3）。具体而言，在低速模式下，GDI车辆的BC排放速率为PFI车辆的（8.1±1.6）倍；中速模式下为（6.2±1.0）倍；高速模式下为（4.9±1.1）倍。因此，随着GDI汽车在中国汽油车市场的份额持续升高，应尽快推行更多有效的BC排放控制技术。Chan等[39]基于台架测试的结果显示，22 ℃时GPF能削减GDI车辆73%~88%的BC排放。然而，McCaffery等[40]在美国洛杉矶进行的PEMS试验结果显示，GPF对GDI车辆的BC去除效率仅为44%。因此，对于道路上行驶的GDI车辆，其GPF的实际去除效率可能与理论上存在一定差距，需要更多的测试数据以更准确地估算GPF对BC的去除效率。此外，在所有速度区间内，BC平均排放速率均随VSP的增加而增加。例如，在bin 35到bin 3Y（即高速工况）中，GDI车辆的BC平均排放速率从bin 35的(0.009±0.003) mg∙s -1 增加到bin 3Y的(0.04±0.01) mg∙s -1 。同样地，从bin 21到bin 2Y（即中速工况），GDI车辆的BC平均排放速率增加了8倍。对于PFI车辆，高速和高VSP工况下的BC平均排放速率分别是低速和中VSP工况下的3倍和10倍。 图3 PFI和GDI车辆在不同操作模式下的道路平均BC排放率。 本研究进一步分析了不同季节测试中环境温度所带来的影响。但是，由于冬季浸车是在实验室中进行的，结果仅反映了室温（约25 ℃）冷启动条件下和低温[(3±1) ℃]热运行条件下的BC排放量。国4 PFI车辆（#1和#4）的冬季BC EF为(0.15±0.022) mg∙km -1 ，而夏季（#2和#3）车辆排放量为(0.15±0.078) mg∙km -1 。与先前的研究[39,41]相比，本研究冬季和夏季之间的排放差异相对较小。我们推测，环境温度对LDPV的热运行排放影响较小，但对冷启动排放影响较大。附录A中的图S2显示了不同季节热运行期间测试车辆的道路平均BC排放速率。PFI和GDI车辆在各种环境温度中的BC排放没有明显差异（ p > 0.05，其中， p 是概率值），这证实了我们的推测。这一观察结果与之前的实验室测量结果一致。正如He等[14]的报道，在热启动WLTC工况下，PFI车辆的平均BC排放量在30 ℃和-7 ℃时分别为(0.16±0.05) mg∙km -1 和(0.59±0.18) mg∙km -1 ，GDI车辆则分别为(1.14±0.98) mg∙km -1 和(0.66±0.30) mg∙km -1 ，表明环境温度对BC EF没有明显影响[41]。 3.2 冷启动对BC排放的影响 全程的实时BC测量结果显示，车辆在城市道路上冷启动阶段的BC排放量远高于的热运行阶段。这与许多基于台架测试的研究结果一致[11,41‒42]。例如，Chan等[39]在联邦测试程序（FTP）-75第1阶段（包括冷启动）下的BC EF是第3阶段的10倍左右。Zheng等[11]报道，根据台架测试的瞬时BC测量结果，冷启动的持续时间短于100 s（6个样本）[11]。因此，我们规定车辆启动后100 s内为冷启动阶段。试验数据显示，PFI车辆在冷启动期间的平均排放量为(5.7±0.6) mg。GDI车辆在冷启动期间的平均排放量为(16.1±0.9) mg。在冷启动期间，GDI中低温的活塞和气缸壁会减少燃油蒸气、增加燃料聚集，导致燃料点火期间产生更多的BC [43]；PFI在冷启动期间则会进行燃料补偿来弥补汽油蒸气的不足，导致壁面油膜的生成和燃料汽化不完全，使BC排放升高[42]。 此外，PFI和GDI车辆在冷启动期间的BC排放量分别占BC排放总量的2%~25%和22%~33%，该占比低于其他基于台架测试的研究结果[39,44]。例如，在NEDC工况下，PFI车辆的冷启动阶段对BC排放总量的贡献达到44%±26% [44]。这主要是由于台架测试的行驶距离较短[NEDC下为10.9 km，而PEMS测试中为(48.3±0.2) km]，从而增大了冷启动阶段的占比。此外，在本研究中，GDI车辆冷启动阶段对BC排放总量的贡献高于PFI车辆。这表明BC的排放高度集中于冷启动阶段，GDI车辆在冷启动期间的BC排放也更应该引起关注。国3排放标准已经规定了气态污染物在冷启动期间的排放限值。许多针对发动机的冷启动减排技术也得到推行。例如，通过燃料喷射正时和可变气门正时抑制BC（或颗粒物）的排放。此外，可以通过怠速（1500~2000 r∙min -1 ）使发动机快速预热以减少冷启动期间的冷壁淬火现象，从而减少BC的排放[45]——对于GDI和PFI车辆，可以将发动机转速迅速提高到1500~1600 r∙min -1 ，然后在几秒内下降到约1000 r∙min -1 （请参见附录A中的图S3，以车辆#3和#9为例），即在冷启动阶段的高BC排放的周期内完成上述过程。 3.3 驾驶条件对BC排放的影响 驾驶条件对LDPV的BC排放有显著影响。车辆在市郊道路上测试的BC排放量比城市道路上热运行时低56%±34%。改善车辆在大城市（如北京和深圳）的行驶条件、将平均车速提至20 km∙h -1 以上，可以有效减少每公里的BC排放（图4）。 图4 所有测试车辆在各种驾驶条件下对BC排放的贡献。 然而，高速公路上的发动机的高转速和高负载又可能导致PFI和GDI车辆的BC排放升高。高速公路上的平均BC EF比市郊道路高60%±78%。这一结果与先前使用台架测试的研究结果一致。在He等[41]的研究中，GDI车辆在超高速阶段的BC排放量比高速阶段高103％±78％，PFI车辆则高490％±265％，这表明PFI车辆的排放对快速的驾驶行为更加敏感。 图4显示了各种驾驶条件（冷启动、城市道路热运行、市郊道路和高速公路）对全程BC排放总量的贡献。城市道路热运行的占比最大（37%±15%），其次是高速公路（27%±12%）、市郊道路（20%±8%）和冷启动（17%±10%）。虽然冷启动阶段在测试路线总里程中的占比低于0.1%，但该阶段的BC排放在排放总量中的占比远高于其行驶里程的占比，因此冷启动是车辆BC排放的重要贡献者。值得注意的是，城市道路上的BC排放占全程BC排放总量的一半以上（54%±14%）。此外，PFI车辆在高速公路行驶时的BC排放贡献为31%±12%，高于GDI车辆（20%±8%）。说明PFI车辆的BC排放对高负载和高速条件更敏感。每种驾驶条件对BC排放总量的贡献与所选路线高度相关。若采用平均排放速率和公式（6）计算WLTC和NEDC下的BC排放，WLTC下的低速阶段和NEDC下的欧洲经济委员会4个认证工况（ECE）分别占GDI车辆BC排放总量的55%和62%。 图5展示了每个工况（持续时间约为300 s）下的相对BC排放与平均车速之间的相关性。当发生交通拥堵，即平均车速降低到20 km∙h -1 以下时，相对BC排放显著增加。相对BC排放对30~80 km∙h -1 的高速行驶条件敏感性低。然而，当平均车速超过90 km∙h -1 时，相对BC排放随着平均车速的增加而增加。本研究构建了一个非线性函数（其中， y 是相对BC排放， x 是平均车速）作为相对BC排放和平均速度之间的最佳拟合（ R 2 = 0.70）。 图5 平均车速与相对BC排放之间的相关性。 虽然推行GPF可能在限制未来LDPV的BC排放方面发挥重要作用，但目前来看，更有效的BC减排方法可能是改善在用LDPV的驾驶条件——避免车辆在平均速度低于20 km∙h -1 （BC排放敏感区间）的拥堵状态下行驶。当平均车速从20 km∙h -1 下降到15 km∙h -1 时，相对BC排放将增加23%。北京于2011年开始实施车牌管控政策以控制汽车保有量。Zhang等[29]估计，在车牌管控措施的作用下，2020年北京LDPV的平均车速能达到28 km∙h -1 ；相反，若未车牌管控措施，2020年北京车辆保有量将超过900万辆，平均车速将降至21 km∙h -1 。车牌管控能使BC排放量减少18%，这凸显了缓解交通拥堵对BC减排的重要性。 3.4 实际粒子数和BC排放之间的关系 国6和欧6的RDE测试都已经规定了车辆的实际PN排放限值，以此检测GDI车辆或低排放车辆（即GPF车辆）的颗粒物排放。前人基于台架测试的研究报道了PN和BC排放的强相关性。Khalek等[48]报道了GDI车辆排放的PN（60~90 nm）与BC质量比为3.2×10 12 ~3.9×10 12 mg -1 [48]。Chan等[39]的研究则显示，PN与BC质量比为0.2×10 12 ~2×10 12 mg -1 [39]。本研究使用PEMS平台同时测量了实际的PN和BC排放，以分析LDPV（#1、#3、#4、#5、#6和#10）在实际道路上的PN与BC质量比。图6显示了各种条件下LDPV的PN与BC排放速率之间的相关性。结果显示BC和PN排放速率高度线性相关（ R 2 = 0.90），所有测试车辆的平均比率为1.8×10 12 mg -1 ，这与先前的研究相符。然而，我们发现GDI车辆的PN和BC排放速率之间的线性关系（ R 2 = 0.96）比PFI车辆（ R 2 = 0.76）更明显。我们进一步基于短工况比较了瞬时PN与BC排放速率（ER PN /ER BC ）的平均比率。结果显示，与PFI车辆相比，GDI车辆的瞬时ER PN /ER BC 对各速度区段的VSP变化都更不敏感。例如，在GDI车辆的三个速度区段内，ER PN /ER BC 的变化范围为1.5×10 12 ~2.5×10 12 。相比之下，从bin 11到bin 3Y，PFI车辆的ER PN /ER BC 从8.8×10 11 增加到了4.0×10 12 。由此，应谨慎使用PN排放估算PFI车辆的BC排放，因为二者的比值与瞬时驾驶条件高度相关。 图6 （a）PN和BC排放之间的相关性；（b）基于运行模式的平均PN/BC比率。 3.5 与先前研究的比较 与其他基于台架测试或PEMS（请参阅表2 [11,14‒16,39‒42,49‒55]）测量汽车BC排放的研究相比，本研究报道的BC EF符合各种型式认证年份车辆在各种工况下的报道结果。例如，Forestieri等[42]的研究结果显示，PFI车辆的基于行驶里程的BC EF为0.06~2.2 mg∙km -1 ，涵盖了本研究得到的所有数值。本研究中GDI车辆的BC EF与McCaffery等[40]和Forestieri等[42]的报道相当。然而，我们的结果低于Zheng等[11]和Chan等[39]报道的结果，可能是因为这两项研究存有大排量和高车龄的被测车辆。此外，本研究中被测车辆的行驶距离[(48.3±0.2) km]远大于多数台架测试（如NEDC的行驶距离为11 km），这导致冷启动在全过程排放中的占比更小，因此基于行驶里程的EF也更小。 表2 与先前研究的比较 Study Testing method and instruments Model years Distance specific emission factors (mg·km -1) Fuel consumption specific emission factors (mg·km -1) PFI GDI PFI GDI This study PEMS 2012‒2015 0.10‒0.17 1.10‒1.56 0.73‒3.61 15.61‒24.85 Ref. [40] PEMS 2017‒2018 — 0.11‒1.00 — — Ref. [16] On-board tailpipe 2006‒2012 — — 0.57 ± 1.19 — Ref. [11] Dynamometer 1993‒2014 0.05‒0.33 6.5‒7.6 1.70‒8.90 — Ref. [42] Dynamometer 1998‒2011 0.06‒2.20 1.09 — 36.00 Ref. [39] Dynamometer 2010‒2012 0.11‒2.04 1.33‒4.42 — — Ref. [41] Dynamometer 2012‒2015 0.24‒0.67 1.62‒4.08 — — Ref. [14] Roadside 2010 fleet at Toronto — — 71.2‒151.8 (not specified) Ref. [50] Roadside 2016 fleet at Londrina — — 25.7 ± 12.4 (not specified) Ref. [15] Plume Chasing 2011 fleet at Slovenia — — 280 (150‒460, not specified) Ref. [54] Plume Chasing 2007 fleet at Los Angeles — — 60 (not specified) Ref. [55] Plume Chasing 2007 fleet at Beijing — — 300 (not specified) Ref. [51] Tunnel 2006 fleet at California — — 26 ± 4 (LDVs, mostly powered by gasoline) Ref. [49] Tunnel 2004 fleet at California — — 30.4 (LDVs, mostly powered by gasoline) Ref. [52] Tunnel 1997 fleet at California — — 35 ± 3 (not specified) Ref. [53] Tunnel 1996 fleet at California — — 30 ± 2 (not specified) 与前人基于环境采样法的研究结果相比（请参阅表2），我们发现，即使排除了冷启动阶段对BC排放的影响，在隧道或路边进行研究仍会高估LDPV的BC EF [14,16,49‒53]。例如，本研究中基于燃油的平均BC EF为(7.9±8.8) mg∙kg -1 ，而Liggio等[14]报道的LDPV的BC EF中值达到了75 mg∙kg -1 ，Park等[54]报道了LDPV在怠速、加速和缓行等不同工况下的BC EF为40~90 mg∙kg -1 。Westerdahl等[55]基于道路边测试报道的平均BC EF为300 mg∙kg -1 ，比本研究的结果高约40倍。上述隧道或道路边测试研究对BC EF的高估，主要源于测量位点的影响。使用PEMS在尾管处采样，能消除环境空气中BC和CO 2 的干扰、提高信噪比。而道路边测试或烟羽跟踪容易受到其他车辆排放的BC和CO 2 的影响。Wang等[15]发现尾气管和尾气管背景之间的BC浓度差达37 μg∙m -3 ，尾气和周围环境之间的BC浓度差达4 μg∙m -3 ，而CO 2 浓度差分别为15 200 ppm和36 ppm (1 ppm = 1 mg∙m -3)。因此，尾气管中的BC增量与CO 2 增量的比值远高于尾气处，导致道路边测试或烟羽跟踪得到的BC EF存在较大的不确定性。Wang等[15]进一步证明，对被测LDPV同步进行尾气管采样和烟羽跟踪测试，测试结果显示两种方法得到的BC EF分别为39.5 mg∙kg -1 和313 mg∙kg -1 。此外，背景CO 2 浓度是烟羽跟踪法的一个关键参数，对BC EF的确定有重要影响。然而，在烟羽跟踪测试中，目标车辆周围的背景CO 2 水平很容易受城市道路上车辆密度的影响[55]。Ježek等[56]报道，如果背景CO 2 水平变化的标准偏差达到±1，BC EF的变化范围就能拓宽到-40%~80%，难以得到可靠、确切的BC排放数值[56]。此外，环境采样研究中的被测车辆也可能包含高排放车辆（如故障或高里程车辆）。在烟羽跟踪和道路边测试中，测试到高排放车辆可能导致极高的排放数据。Zielinska等[57]报道，故障汽油车的颗粒物排放量大约是正常汽油车的6倍。 4、 结论 本研究开发了一款新型PEMS平台，并以此在中国实际道路上测量了6辆PFI和4辆GDI LDPV的瞬时BC排放速率。结果显示，GDI车辆的平均BC EF和瞬时BC排放速率明显高于PFI车辆。因此，应尽快推行GPF等BC排放控制技术，以应对GDI汽车在中国汽油车市场份额的上升。此外，本研究还测量了LDPV在冷启动状态下（前100 s）的实际BC排放。PFI和GDI车辆在冷启动阶段的BC排放量分别为(5.7±0.6) mg和(16.1±0.9) mg，分别占全程BC排放总量的2%~25%和22%~33%，而车辆冷启动阶段持续时间不到总行程的0.1%。因此，应着重关注BC排放高度集中的冷启动阶段，尤其是对于GDI车辆。城市道路、市郊道路和高速公路对BC排放总量的贡献分别为37%±15%、20%±8%和27%±12%。此外，平均车速和相对BC排放之间存在强的相关性（ R 2 = 0.70）。在拥堵条件下，即平均车速低于20 km∙h -1 时，BC排放显著增加，说明缓解交通拥堵对BC减排有着重要作用。BC和PN排放呈线性相关（ R 2 = 0.90），但PFI车辆的PN和BC瞬时排放速率比值对VSP- v 的敏感性高于GDI车辆，即PFI车辆的PN和BC排放与驾驶工况高度相关，应慎重采用PN排放估算BC排放。 参考文献 原文顺序 | 出版日期 | 本文引用 [1] Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, et al. 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On-road measurement of fine particle and nitrogen oxide emissions from light- and heavy-duty motor vehicles. Atmos Environ 1999;33(18):2955‒68. [53] Miguel AH, Kirchstetter TW, Harley RA, Hering SV. On-road emissions of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon from gasoline and diesel vehicles. Environ Sci Technol 1998;32(4):450‒5. [54] Park SS, Kozawa K, Fruin S, Mara S, Hsu YK, Jakober C, et al. Emission factors for high-emitting vehicles based on on-road measurements of individual vehicle exhaust with a mobile measurement platform. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2011;61(10):1046‒56. [55] Westerdahl D, Wang X, Pan X, Zhang KM. Characterization of on-road vehicle emission factors and microenvironmental air quality in Beijing. China. Atmos Environ 2009;43(3):697‒705. [56] Ježek I, Drinovec L, Ferrero L, Carriero M, Močnik G. Determination of car onroad black carbon and particle number emission factors and comparison between mobile and stationary measurements. Atmos Meas Tech 2015;8:43‒55. [57] Zielinska B, Sagebiel J, McDonald JD, Whitney K, Lawson DR. Emission rates and comparative chemical composition from selected in-use diesel and gasoline-fueled vehicles. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2004;54(9):1138‒50. 基金资助 () AI Summary 中 Eng × 说明：请注意，以下内容是人工智能生成的。本网站不对与使用此内容相关的任何后果承担责任。 AI Summary AI Mindmap × Share on WeChat jQuery(function(){
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        "summaryEn": `\\#\\#\\# Summary and Abstract\n\n**Research Background**\nThe inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in universities is a current hotspot in aesthetic education. This study focuses on exploring the significance, necessity, and practical modes and pathways of inheriting Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, aiming to enhance students' ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity, while also promoting their comprehensive development.\n\n**Research Methods**\nThe research employs a combination of theoretical analysis and practical exploration. Through literature review, case studies, and empirical research, the study investigates the current status and challenges of Chinese ethnic music culture inheritance in medical universities and proposes a "4+3+5" inheritance mode and pathway.\n\n**Experimental Design**\nThe "4+3+5" mode is based on "four combinations" (knowledge teaching and practical experience, intra-school and extra-school cooperation, cultural inheritance and innovation projects, aesthetic education and ideological education), supported by "three measures" (strengthening curriculum construction, optimizing resource integration, and ensuring conditions), and implemented through "five paths" (aesthetic education teaching, campus cultural activities, inter-school and international exchanges, social practice services, and college student innovation and entrepreneurship).\n\n**Results and Analysis**\nThe implementation of the "4+3+5" mode in Sichuan University has achieved significant results. It has effectively promoted the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture among medical students, enhanced their aesthetic abilities and cultural qualities, and cultivated their teamwork and innovative spirits. The study also finds that music has a positive auxiliary effect on medical treatment, which can help improve patients' physical and mental health.\n\n**Overall Conclusion**\nThe inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities is of great significance. The "4+3+5" mode proposed in this study provides an effective pathway for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, which helps to enhance students' comprehensive qualities and promote their all-round development.\n\n**Paper Review**\nThis paper systematically explores the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, with clear research ideas and practical research methods. The proposed "4+3+5" mode is innovative and operable, providing valuable references for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in universities.\n\n**Ten Questions and Answers**\n\n1. **Q: What is the main research content of this paper?**  \n   A: This paper mainly studies the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, aiming to explore effective ways to promote the inheritance and development of Chinese ethnic music culture among medical students.\n\n2. **Q: Why is it necessary to inherit Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities?**  \n   A: Inheriting Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities can enhance students' ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity, promote their comprehensive development, and also help them better serve the national medical cause by utilizing the auxiliary medical effects of music.\n\n3. **Q: What is the "4+3+5" mode proposed in this paper?**  \n   A: The "4+3+5" mode refers to an inheritance mode and pathway based on "four combinations," supported by "three measures," and implemented through "five paths." It aims to comprehensively promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities.\n\n4. **Q: How does the "4+3+5" mode promote the inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture?**  \n   A: By integrating knowledge teaching with practical experience, intra-school and extra-school cooperation, cultural inheritance with innovation projects, and aesthetic education with ideological education, the "4+3+5" mode creates a dynamic and cooperative educational environment that effectively promotes the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.\n\n5. **Q: What are the "three measures" in the "4+3+5" mode?**  \n   A: The "three measures" refer to strengthening curriculum construction and aesthetic activity innovation, optimizing the integration of aesthetic education and ethnic music cultural resources, and ensuring conditions for aesthetic education and cultural inheritance work, such as strengthening teacher training, improving facilities, and enhancing campus cultural environment.\n\n6. **Q: How does the "five paths" approach implement the inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture?**  \n   A: The "five paths" include aesthetic education teaching, campus cultural activities, inter-school and international exchanges, social practice services, and college student innovation and entrepreneurship. These paths provide diverse platforms and opportunities for students to learn, experience, and innovate Chinese ethnic music culture.\n\n7. **Q: What are the benefits of implementing the "4+3+5" mode in medical universities?**  \n   A: Implementing the "4+3+5" mode can enhance students' aesthetic abilities and cultural qualities, cultivate their teamwork and innovative spirits, and promote their comprehensive development. It also helps to improve the quality of medical services by utilizing the auxiliary medical effects of music.\n\n8. **Q: How does this paper contribute to the field of aesthetic education in medical universities?**  \n   A: This paper provides a comprehensive and innovative framework for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, enriching the theoretical and practical research in the field of aesthetic education and offering valuable references for other universities.\n\n9. **Q: What are the limitations of this study?**  \n   A: This study mainly focuses on the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, with limited exploration of other aspects such as the specific effects of music therapy in medical practice. Future research can further explore these aspects.\n\n10. **Q: How can the "4+3+5" mode be promoted and applied in other universities?**  \n    A: The "4+3+5" mode can be promoted and applied in other universities by sharing successful cases, conducting academic exchanges, and providing training and guidance. Universities can also combine their own characteristics and resources to adapt and innovate the mode to better serve their educational goals.\n\n**Key Points Extraction**\n- The inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities is necessary and significant.\n- The "4+3+5" mode provides an effective pathway for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.\n- The implementation of the "4+3+5" mode can enhance students' comprehensive qualities and promote their all-round development.\n- The auxiliary medical effects of music should be further explored and applied in medical practice.\n- Universities should strengthen cooperation and exchanges to promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.`,
        "summaryCn": '\\# 总结摘要\n\n\\#\\# 研究背景\n\n中国民族音乐文化作为中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，其传承与发展在当今社会具有重要意义。特别是在医科大学美育教育中，传承中国民族音乐文化不仅能够增强大学生的民族意识、民族自信和民族认同感，还能发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力，提高大学生的综合素质，促进全面发展。因此，本研究旨在探索中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承模式与路径。\n\n\\#\\# 研究方法\n\n本研究采用文献综述、实证研究、案例分析等方法，结合四川大学美育教育的实践经验，对中国民族音乐文化的传承模式与路径进行深入探讨。\n\n\\#\\# 实验设计\n\n研究通过构建“4+3+5”传承模式与路径，即以“四个结合”为基础、“三项措施”为保障、“五条路径”为抓手，来实施中国民族音乐文化传承教育。具体实验设计包括加强第一课堂与第二课堂的融合、建立校地合作平台、依托大学生创新创业项目等。\n\n\\#\\# 结果与分析\n\n研究结果显示，“4+3+5”传承模式与路径在医科大学美育教育中取得了显著成效。通过知识讲授与实践体验相结合、校内与校外结合、文化传承与“双创”项目结合、审美教育与思政教育结合，有效提升了学生对中国民族音乐文化的认知度和兴趣。同时，加强课程建设与美育活动创新、优化整合美育教育与民族音乐文化资源、加大美育教育与民族文化传承工作的条件保障等措施，为传承活动提供了有力支持。五条路径的实施更是将中国民族音乐文化传承贯穿于课堂教学、课外活动、文化氛围、网络空间等多个维度，实现了全方位、多层次的传承。\n\n\\#\\# 总体结论\n\n中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承模式和路径探索具有可行性和有效性。通过“4+3+5”传承模式与路径的实施，不仅能够提升学生的综合素质和审美能力，还能促进中国民族音乐文化的传承与发展。未来，应进一步锐意创新，解决美育教育与学生专业成长和个性化需求相结合等问题，实现美育教育与医学专业教育的优化组合。\n\n\\#\\# 论文点评\n\n该论文选题新颖，具有重要的理论和实践意义。研究方法科学合理，实验设计严谨可行。结果分析深入透彻，总体结论具有说服力。论文结构清晰，逻辑严密，语言流畅。然而，论文在探讨具体传承措施和路径时，可进一步细化操作细节和案例分析，以增强研究的实用性和可操作性。\n\n\\#\\# 论文十问\n\n问题1. **中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承有何重要意义？**\n答案：传承中国民族音乐文化能够增强医学生的民族意识、民族自信和民族认同感，提升综合素质，同时发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力，促进医患沟通理解和情感交流。\n\n问题2. **“4+3+5”传承模式与路径具体包括哪些内容？**\n答案：“4+3+5”传承模式与路径包括“四个结合”（知识讲授与实践体验、校内与校外、文化传承与“双创”项目、审美教育与思政教育）、“三项措施”（加强课程建设与美育活动创新、优化整合资源、加大条件保障）和“五条路径”（美育教育教学、校园文化活动、校际国际交流、社会实践服务、大学生创新创业）。\n\n问题3. **如何加强第一课堂与第二课堂的融合？**\n答案：通过理论教学指导学生参与中国民族音乐文化的传承、保护与创新创作活动，在实践活动中融入理论知识，实现第一课堂与第二课堂的有机融合。\n\n问题4. **校地合作平台在传承中扮演什么角色？**\n答案：校地合作平台为学生开辟社会实践学习通道和演出通道，引导学生个体、学校群体、社会整体的相互联动，积极整合吸引各种社会资源和教育资源。\n\n问题5. **如何依托大学生创新创业项目促进民族音乐治疗科研创新？**\n答案：以大学生创新创业项目为依托，加强中国民族音乐治疗科研创新，促进科研成果转化，培养学生创新创造能力。\n\n问题6. **美育课程建设在传承中起到什么作用？**\n答案：美育课程建设是传承的基础，通过开设中华文化美育必修课程、美育类模块课程等，落实美育课程开设刚性要求，提升学生审美素养。\n\n问题7. **如何优化整合美育教育和文化传承资源？**\n答案：加强与民族大学、民族艺术团、民族博物馆等的工作联系与沟通，邀请高水平老师参加学生艺术团建设和指导，办好各类音乐活动。\n\n问题8. **社会实践服务在传承中有哪些具体形式？**\n答案：社会实践服务包括“大川文艺轻骑兵”服务进社区、中小学、医院、农村等活动，实现人才培养与服务地方的双向联动。\n\n问题9. **如何鼓励大学生创新创业团队参与传承研究工作？**\n答案：鼓励学生组建科研兴趣小组和团队，参与地方非物质文化遗产的传承研究工作，参加各类创新创业比赛和社会实践。\n\n问题10. **论文对未来传承模式与路径的探索有何建议？**\n答案：论文建议未来应锐意创新，解决美育教育与学生专业成长和个性化需求相结合等问题，实现美育教育与医学专业教育的优化组合。\n\n\\#\\# 要点提炼\n\n- **研究背景**：强调中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的重要性。\n- **研究方法**：采用文献综述、实证研究、案例分析等方法。\n- **实验设计**：构建“4+3+5”传承模式与路径。\n- **结果与分析**：传承模式与路径取得显著成效，提升学生认知度和兴趣。\n- **总体结论**：传承模式和路径具有可行性和有效性，需进一步创新优化。\n- **论文点评**：选题新颖，方法科学，结论有说服力，但可进一步细化操作细节。\n- **论文十问**：涵盖传承意义、模式内容、具体措施、资源整合、科研创新等方面。\n- **要点提炼**：总结研究背景、方法、实验设计、结果、结论及未来建议。',
        "mindMapEn": `\\# Inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in aesthetic education of medical universities\n\n\\#\\# Abstract\n- **[Keywords]**\n  - Chinese ethnic music culture; heritage; medical university; aesthetic education; inheritance mode; pathway\n\n\\#\\# Introduction\n- **[Significance and Necessity]**\n  - Enhancing ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity\n  - Medical auxiliary effects of folk music\n  - Preserving and disseminating ethnic music and culture\n  - Improving comprehensive quality and promoting all-round development\n\n\\#\\# Section 1: Significance & Necessity of Inheriting Chinese Ethnic Music in Medical Universities\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.1 Promoting Chinese Aesthetic Education Spirit\n- **[Enhancing Cultural Awareness and Innovation]**\n  - Ministry of Education's emphasis on cultural inheritance\n- **[Implementing Aesthetic Education]**\n  - Infusing aesthetics into all aspects of education\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.2 Medical Auxiliary Efficacy of Ethnic Music\n- **[Research on Music Therapy]**\n  - Regulation of respiration, heart rate, blood flow\n- **[Traditional and Modern Practices]**\n  - "Five Tones Therapy" in ancient China\n  - Modern applications in clinical settings\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.3 Synergistic Development of Aesthetic Education and Ethnic Music Inheritance\n- **[Educational Function of Music]**\n  - Inspiring learning enthusiasm and creative spirit\n- **[Protecting and Inheriting Ethnic Music]**\n  - Preservation in museums and educational institutions\n\n\\#\\# Section 2: Inheritance Mode and Pathway of Chinese Ethnic Music Culture\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.1 Four Combinations in Inheritance Education\n- **[Knowledge Teaching and Practical Experience]**\n  - Integration of first and second classrooms\n- **[Intra- and Extra-Campus Collaboration]**\n  - Establishing cooperation platforms\n- **[Cultural Inheritance and Innovation Projects]**\n  - Integrating innovation into ethnic music therapy\n- **[Aesthetic and Ideological Education]**\n  - Combining aesthetics with moral education\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.2 Three Measures for Inheritance Education\n- **[Reforming Aesthetic Education]**\n  - Focusing on aesthetics, humanity, and innovation\n- **[Curriculum and Activity Innovation]**\n  - Enhancing curriculum construction and artistic practices\n- **[Resource Optimization and Conditional Support]**\n  - Strengthening faculty, facilities, and cultural environment\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.3 Five Paths in the Inheritance Process\n- **[Aesthetic Education Teaching]**\n  - Incorporating ethnic music into curriculum and lectures\n- **[Campus Cultural Activities]**\n  - Organizing performances and workshops\n- **[Inter-School and International Exchanges]**\n  - Promoting cultural exchange through concerts and salons\n- **[Social Practice Services]**\n  - Volunteering and community engagement\n- **[Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship]**\n  - Encouraging research and entrepreneurship in ethnic music\n\n\\#\\# Conclusion\n- **[Continuous Innovation and Development]**\n  - Addressing challenges and integrating aesthetic education with medical education\n- **[Importance of Ethnic Music in Medical Education]**\n  - Highlighting the role of ethnic music in cultivating medical students' comprehensive qualities\n\n\\#\\# References\n- **[Citations]**\n  - List of references from official documents, research papers, and books`,
        "mindMapCn": '\\# 中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承模式与路径研究\n\n\\#\\# 摘要\n- **[研究背景]**：中国民族音乐文化的高校传承是美育教育的热点。\n- **[研究目的]**：在医科大学美育教育中传承中国民族音乐文化，提升大学生民族意识、民族自信等，并发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力。\n- **[研究成果]**：提出“4+3+5”传承模式与路径。\n\n\\#\\# 关键词\n- 中国民族音乐\n- 文化遗产\n- 医科大学\n- 美育教育\n- 传承模式\n- 路径\n\n\\#\\# 1. 在医科大学美育教育中开展中国民族音乐文化传承的意义与必要性\n\\#\\#\\# 1.1 弘扬中华美育精神\n- **[教育部重视]**：增强文化主体意识和文化创新意识。\n- **[美育浸润行动]**：弘扬中华美育精神，坚定文化自信。\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.2 发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力\n- **[音乐治疗]**：特殊音乐刺激对调节人的生理、心理有辅助作用。\n- **[民族音乐治疗]**：我国提出“五音疗疾”，现代民族音乐治疗发展迅速。\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.3 推进美育教育与中国民族音乐文化传承协同发展\n- **[育人功能]**：音乐教育激励学习热情和进取精神。\n- **[传承保护]**：高校教育作为动态保护、传承途径，具有优势。\n\n\\#\\# 2. 中国民族音乐文化的传承模式与路径\n\\#\\#\\# 2.1 传承教育中的“四个结合”\n- **[知识讲授与实践体验结合]**：第一课堂与第二课堂融合。\n- **[校内与校外结合]**：建立校地合作平台，开辟社会实践通道。\n- **[文化传承与“双创”项目结合]**：依托创新创业项目，促进科研成果转化。\n- **[审美教育与思政教育结合]**：协同并进，激发学生文化自信。\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.2 传承教育中的“三项措施”\n- **[加强课程建设与美育活动创新]**：优化整合课堂教学、艺术实践、校园文化活动。\n- **[优化整合美育教育与民族音乐文化资源]**：加强与民族大学等沟通，邀请高水平老师指导。\n- **[加大美育教育与民族文化传承工作的条件保障]**：加强师资队伍建设、场地建设、校园文化环境建设。\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.3 传承过程中的“五条路径”\n- **[美育教育教学]**：将中国民族音乐教育素材融入教学，激发学习兴趣。\n- **[校园文化活动]**：开展高雅艺术进校园，举办各类民族特色活动。\n- **[校际国际交流]**：与国内外大学建立交流关系，举办国际交流音乐会。\n- **[社会实践服务]**：推进“大川文艺轻骑兵”服务，普及疾病与健康基础知识。\n- **[大学生创新创业]**：参与地方非物质文化遗产传承研究，注入音乐元素到医学研究中。\n\n\\#\\# 结论\n- **[持续发展]**：需锐意创新，解决美育教育与学生专业成长需求结合等问题。\n- **[优化组合]**：找到适合医科学生专业特点的艺术种类和学习方法，实现美育教育与医学专业教育的优化组合。\n\n\\#\\# 参考文献\n- **[参考文献列表]**：列出论文引用的所有文献。'
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            const cleanedText = cleanText(text);
            const content = cleanedText ? md.render(cleanedText) : '<p>Loading ... </p>';
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(content);
        } catch (e) {
            const cleaned = cleanText(text);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                `<p>Loading ... </p>`
            );
        }
    }
    
    // 显示摘要对话框
    function showQuickread(lang) {
        console.log('showQuickread 调用，语言:', lang, '当前数据:', obj);
        $("#showArticle_quickread").show();
        $(".main_content_center_right").hide();
        if (lang === 'EN') {
            renderContent(lang, buffers['EN']);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_en").hide();
            $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").show();
        } else {
            renderContent(lang, buffers['CN']);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").hide();
            $("#showArticle_quickread_en").show();
        }
        currentLang = lang;
    }
    
    // 关闭摘要对话框
    function closeQuickread() {
        $("#showArticle_quickread").hide();
        $(".main_content_center_right").show();
    }
    
    function extractSseResults(sseData) {
    // 确保 sseData 是字符串并按行分割
        const lines = typeof sseData === 'string' ? sseData.split('kkk') : [];
        // 提取 result 并拼接
        const resultList = [];
        for (const line of lines) {
            // 过滤空行（空字符串或仅包含空白字符的行）
            if (!line.trim()) {
                continue;
            }
            if (line.startsWith('{"errCode":0')) {
            
                try {
                    // 解析 JSON
                    const data = JSON.parse(line);
                    // 提取 raw.result，处理 raw 可能为 null 或 undefined 的情况
                    if (data.raw && data.raw.result) {
                        resultList.push(data.raw.result);
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    console.error(`JSON 解析错误: ${e.message}`);
                }
            }
        }
        // 拼接 result 并返回
        return resultList.join('');
    }
        
    let currentEventSource = null; // 跟踪当前EventSource实例    
    let cnEventSource = null;
    let enEventSource = null;
    // 使用 SSE 获取数据
    function fetchSummaryData(language = 'CN') {
        // 关闭现有EventSource连接
        if (currentEventSource) {
            console.log("======= fetch ",language);
            console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
            currentEventSource.close();
            currentEventSource = null;
        }
    
        const summaryUrl = `https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/article-ai/generate-summary-sse2?language=${language}&articleId=1159864373164434179&journalId=1155139928190095384`;
        console.log('尝试连接SSE:', summaryUrl);
        $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
            '<p><span class="loading-spinner"></span> Loading summary...</p>'
        );
    
         // 用于拼接 SSE 数据
        if(language === 'CN'){
            let buffer = '';
            cnEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
            cnEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                if (event.data && event.data !== '[DONE]') {
                    // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                    buffer += event.data +'kkk';
                    buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                    // console.log('C,'+currentLang);
                    // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                    if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                        renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                    }
                }
                
                if(event.data.includes('执行完成')){
                    buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                    if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                        renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                    }
                    cnEventSource.close();
                    cnEventSource = null;
                }
            };
            
            cnEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                cnEventSource.close();
                setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('CN'), 1000);
            };
        }else{
            let buffer = '';
            enEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
            enEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                if (event.data && event.data !== '[DONE]') {
                    // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                    buffer += event.data +'kkk';
                    
                    buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                    // console.log('E,'+currentLang);
                    if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                        // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                        renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                    }
                    
                }
                if(event.data.includes('执行完成')){
                    buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                    if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                        renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                    }
                    enEventSource.close();
                    enEventSource = null;
                }
            };
            
            enEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                enEventSource.close();
                setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('EN'), 1000);
            };
        }
        
    }

    $(document).ready(function () {
        console.log('DOM 已加载，初始化事件监听');
        defaultLang = window.location.href.includes('/EN/') ? 'EN' : 'CN';
        // 初始化时获取数据
        fetchMindmapData();

        $("#AiSummaryBt").off('click').click(function() {
            obj.summaryCn = ''; // 重置中文数据
            obj.summaryEn = ''; // 重置英文数据
            currentLang = defaultLang; // 默认显示中文
            showQuickread(defaultLang);
            fetchSummaryData(defaultLang);
        });
    
        $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").click(function() {
            showQuickread('CN');
            currentLang='CN';
            if (buffers['CN'].length < 300) {
                 // 关闭现有EventSource连接
                if (cnEventSource) {
                    console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
                    cnEventSource.close();
                    cnEventSource = null;
                }
                $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                    `<p>Loading ... </p>`
                );
               setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('CN'), 2000);

            }
        });
    
        $("#showArticle_quickread_en").click(function() {
            showQuickread('EN');
            if (buffers['EN'].length < 300) {
                // 关闭现有EventSource连接
                if (enEventSource) {
                    console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
                    enEventSource.close();
                    enEventSource = null;
                }
                $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                    `<p>Loading ... </p>`
                );
                setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('EN'), 2000);

            } 
        });
    }); / 〈 〉 //渲染文章表格内容
    function renderArticleTable() {
        var articleTableList = document.getElementById("articleTextTableList");
        var articleTableDivList = null;
        if(articleTableList) {
            articleTableDivList = articleTableList.querySelectorAll("div");
        }
        //console.log(">>>>"+JSON.stringify(articleTableDivList));
        if(articleTableDivList) {
            for(tab of articleTableDivList) {
                //alert(tab.id);
                var divList = document.getElementsByTagName("div");
                for(articleDiv of divList) {

                    if(articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") && articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") == tab.id) {
                        //alert("magIdxxx:"+articleDiv.getAttribute("magId"));
                        articleDiv.innerHTML = tab.innerHTML;
                        //alert(tab.innerHTML);
                    }
                }

            }

        }
        articleTableList.innerHTML = '';
    }

    //渲染文章fig内容
    function renderArticleFig() {
        var articleFigList = document.getElementById("articleTextFigList");
        var articleFigDivList = null;
        if(articleFigList) {
            articleFigDivList = articleFigList.querySelectorAll("div");
        }

        if(articleFigDivList) {
            for(tab of articleFigDivList) {
                //alert(tab.id);
                var divList = document.getElementsByTagName("div");
                for(articleDiv of divList) {
                    if(articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") && articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") == tab.id) {
                        //alert("magIdxxx:"+articleDiv.getAttribute("magId"));
                        articleDiv.innerHTML = tab.innerHTML;
                        //alert(tab.innerHTML);
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        articleFigList.innerHTML = '';
    }


    $(function(){
          //js开始执行，将为爬虫准备的div清掉
        $("#article_text_4_crawl").empty();
        $("#cankaowenxianshdj").empty();
        
        
        $.ajax({
            url:'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/collectionListByArticleId?journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159864373164434179',
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                //zhuantidiv_p
                $.each(res.listData, function(index, lis) {
                    $.each(lis.exts, function(index1, sty) {
                        if(sty.language == 'CN'){
                            if(sty.collectionTitle != null && sty.collectionTitle != ''){
                                $('#zhuantidiv').show();
                                $('#zhuantidiv_p').html('<a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/collections/'+lis.id+'">'+sty.collectionTitle+'</a>');
                            }
                        }
                    });
                });
            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
        var url = 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/text?articleId=1159864373164434179&language=CN';
        $.ajax({
            url: url,
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code==200 && res.data!=null && res.data.text!=null) {
                    $('#xiangqingyezhengwen').html(res.data.text);
                    //获取图片
                    if(res.data.figList!=null && res.data.figList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.figList, function(index, fig) {
                            var tupian ='';
                            var tielehtml ='';
                            var titleContenthtml ='';
                            var fullsize='';
                            var htmlzong ='';
                            var entitle=''
                            if(fig.figFile != null && fig.figFile != ''){
                                tupian = '<div class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap"><img src="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" data-original="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img" alt="" onclick="showimg(this)"></div>';
                                fullsize = '<a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" target="_blank">Full size  </a>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.zh.title != null && fig.figExtMap.zh.title != ''){
                                tielehtml = '<b>'+fig.figExtMap.zh.title+'</b>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.en.title != null && fig.figExtMap.en.title != ''){
                                entitle = '<div class="new_full_rich_table_title_cn" style="color:#666;"><b>'+fig.figExtMap.en.title+'</b></div>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent != null && fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent != ''){
                                titleContenthtml='<p class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming">'+fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent+'</p>';
                            }
                            var caozuo = '<p class="new_full_rich_table_shuoming_caozuo">'+fullsize+'</p>';
                            htmlzong= '<div class="mag_fig_div main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig" id="'+fig.magId+'">'+tupian+'<div class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming"><h5 class="cas_nav_daohang" style="width: 100%;text-align: center;font-size: 14px;float: none;">'+tielehtml+'</h5>'+entitle+titleContenthtml+'</div>'+caozuo+'</div>';
                            $('#articleTextFigList').append(htmlzong);

                        });
                    }
                    //获取表格
                    if(res.data.tabList!=null && res.data.tabList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.tabList, function(index, tab) {
                            var biaogetitle ='';
                            var tabsm='';
                            var tabhtml='';
                            var tablezong='';
                            var entitle = '';
                            if(tab.tableExtMap.zh.title != null){
                                biaogetitle='<h6 class="mag_nav_daohang cas_nav_daohang" style="font-size: 14px;width:100%;"><strong>'+tab.tableExtMap.zh.title+'</strong></h6>';
                            }
                            if(tab.tableExtMap.en.title != null){
                                entitle='<div class="new_full_rich_table_title_cn" style="text-align:center;"><b>'+tab.tableExtMap.en.title+'</b></div>';

                            }
                            if(tab.footFnList != null){
                                $.each(tab.footFnList, function(index2, foot) {
                                    tabsm='<div class="mag_table_wrap_foot_div new_full_rich_table_shuoming"><span class="biaocoin_shuoming_span">'+foot+'</span></div>';
                                });
                            }
                            if(tab.table != null){
                                tabhtml = '<div class="biaocoin_table">'+tab.table+'</div>';
                            }
                            tablezong = '<div id="'+tab.magId+'" class="mag_table_wrap new_full_rich_table" style="align: center;"><div class="biaocoin"><div class="biaocoin_shuoming nav_title" leave="2">'+biaogetitle+'</div>'+entitle+tabhtml+'</div>'+tabsm+'</div>';
                            $('#articleTextTableList').append(tablezong);
                        });
                    }
                    //获取参考文献
                    if(res.data.refList!=null && res.data.refList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.refList, function(index, refs) {
                            var suoyin = index+1;
                            var cankaowenxianhtml='';
                            var refhtml='';
                            $.each(refs.citationList, function(index1, ref) {
                                var biaoti ='';
                                var CrossrefADS='';
                                var Pubmed = '';
                                var arXiv1 = '';
                                if(ref.content != '' && ref.content != null){
                                    biaoti = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title">'+ref.content+'</p>';
                                }
                                if(ref.doi != null && ref.doi != ''){
                                    CrossrefADS = '<span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://doi.org/'+ref.doi+'">Crossref</a></span><span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/'+ref.doi+'">ADS</a></span><span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q='+ref.doi+'">Google scholar</a></span>';
                                }
                                if(ref.pmid != null){
                                    Pubmed='<span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/'+ref.pmid+'">Pubmed</a></span>'
                                }
                                if(ref.arXiv != null){
                                    arXiv1= '<a target="__blank" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/'+ref.arXiv+'">arXiv</a>';
                                }
                                refhtml = biaoti+'<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie">'+CrossrefADS+Pubmed+arXiv1+'</p>';
                            });
                            cankaowenxianhtml='<table class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab" id="mag_rich_ref_'+refs.id+'" order-1-num="'+index+'" order-2-num="'+refs.year+'" order-3-num="'+refs.citedCount+'"> <tbody><tr style="border-bottom:1px dashed #d9d9d9;"><td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top" width="7%">['+suoyin+']</td><td width="93%">'+refhtml+'</td></tr></tbody>';
                            $('#cankaowenxianshdj').append(cankaowenxianhtml)
                        });
                    }else{
                        $('.ckankaowenfdifn').remove()
                    }
                    if(res.data.ackList != '' && res.data.ackList != null){
                        $.each(res.data.ackList, function(index, akc) {
                            if(akc.ackExtMap.zh != null && akc.ackExtMap.zh != ''){
                                var html = '<div class="main_content_center_left_one_title zhengwem_title yijibiaotidkk"><h3 class="cas_nav_daohang"><b>'+akc.ackExtMap.zh.title+'</b></h3></div><p class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_zhengwen nozuish">'+akc.content+'</p>';
                                $('#ackListdiv').append(html)
                            }
                            
                        });
                    }
                    renderArticleFig()
                    renderArticleTable()
                    
                    /** 全文中类似这样的src替换掉 **/
                    //<img src="{{jo4FileInfo.file::+CmHHN9W16Xsfgrk4x8Okg==}}" class="mag_rich_graphic mag_rich_inline_graphic"/>
                    $('img').filter('.mag_rich_graphic').each(function(index) {
                        var src = $(this).attr('src');
                        src = src.replace("{{","");
                        src = src.replace("}}","");
                        src = src.replace("jo4FileInfo.file::","");
                        $(this).attr('src','https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+src);
                
                    });
                    
                    window.setTimeout(function(){

                        var menu = $('#autoMenu').data('autoMenu');
                        if (menu) {
                            // 重新生成HTML
                            $('#autoMenu').html(menu.createHtml());
                            // 重新设置活动项和绑定事件
                            menu.setActive();
                            menu.bindEvent();
                            mag_mathJax()
                        } else {
                            // 如果插件未初始化，则初始化
                            $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
                            mag_mathJax()
                        }
                    },2000);
                    
                    
                }else{
                        $('.ckankaowenfdifn').remove()
                    }

            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
        $.ajax({
            url: 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/recommend?journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159864373164434179',
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                $.each(res.data, function(index, atc) {
                    var authorhtml='';
                    var titlehtml = '';
                    var kanming = '';
                    var issnht  ='';
                    var doihtml='';
                    if(atc.authors != null && atc.authors != ''){
                        $.each(atc.authors, function(index1, author) {
                            var isLast = $(this).is(':last');
                            if(author.ext.CN.stringName != null && author.ext.CN.stringName != ''){
                                if(isLast){
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName;
                                }else{
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName+', ';
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    if(atc.ext.CN.title != null && atc.ext.CN.title != ''){
                        titlehtml='<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title"><a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/'+atc.doi+'" target="_blank">'+atc.ext.CN.title+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.ext.CN.journalTitle != null && atc.ext.CN.journalTitle != ''){
                        kanming = '<i>'+atc.ext.CN.journalTitle+'</i>. ';
                    }
                    if(atc.issue != null && atc.issue != ''){
                        var yrar = '';
                        var volume = '';
                        var issue = '';
                        var pageStart = '';
                        var pageEnd = '';
                        if(atc.issue.year!=null && atc.issue.year!=''){
                            yrar = atc.issue.year +', ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.volume!=null && atc.issue.volume!=''){
                            volume = 'Vol.'+atc.issue.volume;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.issue!=null && atc.issue.issue!=''){
                            issue = '('+atc.issue.issue+'): ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageStart!=null && atc.issue.pageStart!=''){
                            pageStart =atc.issue.pageStart;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageEnd!=null && atc.issue.pageEnd!=''){
                            pageEnd ='-'+atc.issue.pageEnd;
                        }
                        issnht = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_nianjuanqi">'+kanming+yrar+volume+issue+pageStart+pageEnd+'</p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.doi != null && atc.doi != ''){
                        doihtml = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/'+atc.doi+'">https://doi.org/'+atc.doi+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    var shu = index+1;
                    var zong = '<tr><td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top" style="width:28px">['+shu+']</td><td>'+authorhtml+titlehtml+issnht+doihtml+'</td></tr>';
                    $('#ckwxcankaowenxian_td').append(zong);
                });
            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
    })
    $('#gallery').imagesLoaded(function() {
        $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
    });

    //渲染数学公式
    function mag_mathJax(){
       MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        
        // 监听动态内容变化
        const observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
            MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        });
        
        observer.observe(document.body, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true
        });

    }

    //渲染参考文献可视化分析
    function richRefCharts_year(){
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var xData = new Array();
        var yData = new Array();
        var typeData = new Array();
        var sourceData = new Array();
        var otherSourceCount = 0;
        var authorData = new Array();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var year = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("year");
            if(year != null) {
                year = year.trim();
                if(year == "") {
                    // break;
                }
            }else {
                break;
            }
            if(xData.length == 0) {
                xData[0] = year;
                yData[1] = 1;
            }else {
                var isnew = true;
                for(var j=0;j<xData.length;j++) {
                    if(xData[j] == year) {
                        yData[j] = yData[j]+1;
                        isnew = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(isnew) {
                    xData[xData.length] = year;
                    yData[yData.length] = 1;
                }
            }
        }
        var yearCountMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<xData;i++) {
            yearCountMap.set(xData[i], yData[i]);
        }
        xData.sort((a,b)=>a-b);
        for(var i=0;i<xData;i++) {
            yData[i]=yearCountMap.get(xData[i]);
        }

        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_nian_count");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;
        option = {
            tooltip: {
                trigger: 'axis',
                axisPointer: {
                    type: 'shadow'
                }
            },
            xAxis: {
                data: xData
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'value'
            },
            series: [{
                //name: '文献',
                type: 'bar',
                stack: 'browse',
                color: '#f07d2d',
                label:{
                    show:true,
                    position:'top',
                    color:'#000'
                },
                barWidth: '60%',
                data: yData
            }]
        };
        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }

    function richRefCharts_type() {
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var typeData = new Array();
        var typeDataMap = new Map();
        //typeData[0] = {name:'book 10%',value:10};
        //typeData[1] = {name:'report 90%',value:90};
        var typeDataTotal = 0;
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            typeDataTotal++;
            var pType = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("publicationType");
            if(typeDataMap.get(pType) != null) {
                typeDataMap.set(pType,typeDataMap.get(pType)+1);
            }else {
                typeDataMap.set(pType, 1);
            }
        }
        var idx = 0;
        for (const [key, value] of typeDataMap) {
            var par = value/typeDataTotal;
            par = par.toFixed(2);
            typeData[idx] = {name: key+" "+par+"%", value: value};
            idx++;
        }

        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_publication_type");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;
        option = {
            tooltip: {
                trigger: 'item'
            },
            series: [
                {
                    type: 'pie',
                    radius: '70%',
                    data: typeData,
                    emphasis: {
                        itemStyle: {
                            shadowBlur: 10,
                            shadowOffsetX: 0,
                            shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)'
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        };

        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }

    //补引期刊分布
    function richRefCharts_source() {
        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_source");
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var sourceDataMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var source = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("sourceList")
            if(!source || source == "" || source.length == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            var sourceList = source.split(",");
            for(var sName of sourceList) {
                if(sourceDataMap.get(sName)) {
                    sourceDataMap.set(sName, sourceDataMap.get(sName)+1);
                }else {
                    sourceDataMap.set(sName, 1);
                }
            }
        }

        var data = [
            //    {name: '清华大学', value: 100},
            //  {name: '浙江大学', value: 150},
            //{name: '上海交通大学', value: 90},
            // 更多数据...
        ];

        for(const [key,value] of sourceDataMap) {
            data.push({name: key, value: value});
        }

        //alert(JSON.stringify(data));
        $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_source").height(data.length*25+50);
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;



        var option = {
            xAxis: {
                type: 'value', // 让 x 轴显示数值
                axisLabel: {
                    rotate: 45 // 可选，调整标签的旋转角度以便更好的显示
                }
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'category', // 让 y 轴显示类别
                data: data.map(item => item.name) // 从数据中提取类别名称作为 y 轴的数据
            },
            series: [{
                type: 'bar', // 使用柱状图类型
                data: data.map(item => item.value), // 从数据中提取数值作为柱状图的数据
                label: { // 可选，显示数值标签
                    show: true,
                    position: 'right' // 在柱状图的右侧显示数值标签
                }
            }],
            grid: {
                left: '30%',
                right: '17%',
                top: '8%',
                bottom: '15%'
                // containLabel: true
            },

        };

        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }


    function richRefCharts_author() {
        var authorData = [];//[{name:'zhangsan', count:21},{name:'李四', count:98}];
        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_author");
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var authorMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var personList = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("personList");
            if(!personList|| personList == "" || personList.trim() == "") {
                continue;
            }
            var personListArr = personList.split(",");
            if(!personListArr || personListArr.length == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            for(var person of personListArr) {
                if(authorMap.get(person)) {
                    authorMap.set(person, authorMap.get(person)+1);
                }else {
                    authorMap.set(person, 1);
                }
            }
        }
        for(const [key,value] of authorMap) {
            authorData.push({name: key, count:value});
        }


        var nodes = new Array();
        if(authorData && authorData.length>0){
            authorData.sort(function(a,b){
                return b.count-a.count;
            });
            for(var authorDataIndex=0;authorDataIndex<authorData.length;authorDataIndex++){
                if(authorDataIndex<50){
                    var colorList = [
                        '#ff7f50', '#87cefa', '#da70d6', '#32cd32', '#6495ed',
                        '#ff69b4', '#ba55d3', '#cd5c5c', '#ffa500', '#40e0d0',
                        '#1e90ff', '#ff6347', '#7b68ee', '#d0648a', '#ffd700',
                        '#6b8e23', '#4ea397', '#3cb371', '#b8860b', '#7bd9a5'
                    ];
                    var color = colorList[authorDataIndex%colorList.length];
                    nodes[authorDataIndex] = {
                        id:'node'+authorDataIndex,
                        name:authorData[authorDataIndex].name,
                        value:authorData[authorDataIndex].count,
                        symbolSize:function(){
                            var size = 20+authorData[authorDataIndex].count*10;
                            if(size>50){
                                return 50;
                            }else{
                                return size;
                            }
                        }(),
                        draggable:true,
                        itemStyle:{
                            normal:{
                                //shadowBlur:10,
                                shadowColor:color,
                                color:color
                            }
                        }
                    };
                }
            }

            if(nodes.length>0){
                nodes.sort(function(a,b){
                    return a.value-b.value;
                });
            }

            var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_author");
            var myChart = echarts.init(dom, null, {
                renderer: 'canvas',
                useDirtyRect: false
            });
            var app = {};
            var option;
            option = {
                backgroundColor: '#fff',
                tooltip: {},
                animationDurationUpdate: function(idx) {
                    // 越往后的数据延迟越大
                    return idx * 100;
                },
                animationEasingUpdate: 'bounceIn',
                color: ['#fff', '#fff', '#fff'],
                series:{
                    type: 'graph',
                    layout: 'force',
                    force: {
                        repulsion: 30,
                        edgeLength: 3
                    },
                    gravity: 1.1,
                    scaling: 1.1,
                    roam: true,
                    label: {
                        normal: {
                            show: true
                        }
                    },
                    data:nodes
                }
            }

            if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
                myChart.setOption(option);
            }
        }
    }

    function generateWeixinUrl() {

    }
    function generateXueshuRul() {
        const elements = document.getElementsByClassName('ckwx_right');
        if(!elements || elements.length<=0) {
            return;
        }
        for(ele of elements) {
            //判断是否是右侧的弹出框参文献，有百度学术和google学术的跳转按钮
            var childrenDiv = ele.querySelectorAll("div");
            if(!childrenDiv) {
                continue;
            }
            var baiduA = null;
            var googleA = null;
            var articleTitle = null;
            for(ch of childrenDiv) {
                var chChList = ch.querySelectorAll("div");
                if(chChList) {
                    for(titleDiv of chChList) {
                        if(titleDiv.classList.contains("ckwx_right_div_article_title")) {
                            //console.log("文章标题>>>"+titleDiv.innerHTML);
                            articleTitle = titleDiv.innerHTML;
                            if(!articleTitle) {
                                articleTitle=" ";
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                var aList = ch.querySelectorAll("a");
                if(!aList) {
                    continue;
                }
                for(a of aList) {
                    if((a.innerHTML+"").includes("百度学术")) {
                        // console.log(">>>"+a.innerHTML);
                        baiduA = a;
                    }
                    if((a.innerHTML+"").includes("谷歌学术")) {
                        // console.log(">>>"+a.innerHTML);
                        googleA = a;
                    }
                }
            }
            if(articleTitle) {
                articleTitle = articleTitle.trim();
            }
            if(!articleTitle) {
                articleTitle=" ";
            }
            if(baiduA && articleTitle) {
                var url = 'https://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=';
                var articleTitleEncode = encodeURIComponent(articleTitle);
                baiduA.href=url+articleTitleEncode;
            }
            if(googleA && articleTitle) {
                var url = 'https://scholar.google.com/scholar?lookup=0&q=';
                //把articleTitle中的空格变成+号
                var articleTitleEncode = encodeURIComponent(articleTitle.replace(/\s/g, '+'));
                googleA.href=url+articleTitleEncode;
                //console.log("替换空格为+号>>>"+(articleTitle.replace(' ', '+'))+"<<<<<<<")
            }
        }

    }

    $(document).ready(function() {
        mag_mathJax();
        renderArticleTable();
        //生成百度学术和谷歌学术url
        generateXueshuRul();
        //生成微信二维码图片
        generateWeixinUrl();
        //richRefCharts_year();
        //richRefCharts_type();
        //richRefCharts_source();
        //richRefCharts_author();
    });


    


    //公式序号 居右
    jQuery(".mag-xml-disp-formula").each(function() {
        var _this = jQuery(this);
        var _label= _this.children("label");
        if(typeof(_label.html())!="undefined"){
            _this.children("label").remove();
            _this.wrap("<div style='overflow:hidden;text-align: center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-flex;'><div style='float:left;text-align:center;width:90%;'></div></div>");
            _this.parent().parent().append("<span style='width:10%;text-align:right;'>"+_label.html()+"</span>");
        }
    });

    $('body').click(function(){
        $('.daochu_div').hide();
        $('.qipao').hide();
    })
    $('.qipao').click(function(event){
        event.stopPropagation();
    })

    /*参考文献显示隐藏*/
    $('.biaotijiantoush1').click(function(event){
        if($(this).attr('class')=='glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'){
            $(this).parents('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_benwenyiny').next('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_ckwx_xiangqing').stop().slideUp();
            $(this).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1');
        }else if($(this).attr('class')=='glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'){
            $(this).parents('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_benwenyiny').next('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_ckwx_xiangqing').stop().slideDown();
            $(this).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1');
        }
        event.stopPropagation();
    });


    function piaofuFn(a,fnId){
        var content='<div>'+$("#mag-rich-fn-"+fnId).html()+'</div>';
        piaofu(a,content);
    }

    function piaofuCnctst(a,cnctst_id){
        if($("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id) && $("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).length && $("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).length>0){
            var content='<div>'+$("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).html()+'</div>';
            piaofu(a,content);
        }else{
            var div=document.createElement("div");
            div.style.display='none';
            div.id="mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id;
            document.body.appendChild(div);

            mag_ajax_update({
                selector:"#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id,
                url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/lexeme/showCnctstOnRich.do",
                data:{cnctst_id:cnctst_id,articleId:$("#articleId").val(),Count:5},
                success:function(){
                    var content='<div>'+$("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).html()+'</div>';
                    piaofu(a,content);
                }
            });
        }
    }
    // 埋点管理器 - 防止重复调用
    const TrackingManager = {
        // 记录已发送的埋点事件
        sentEvents: new Set(),
        // 记录埋点调用次数
        callCount: 0,

        // 生成事件唯一标识
        generateEventKey(eventType, params) {
            const paramStr = Object.entries(params)
                .filter(([key]) => key !== 'timestamp') // 排除时间戳，避免每次都不同
                .sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b))
                .map(([key, value]) => `${key}=${value}`)
                .join('|');

            return `${eventType}|${paramStr}`;
        },

        // 发送埋点并检查重复
        async sendEvent(eventType, params) {
            this.callCount++;
            console.log(`埋点调用 #${this.callCount}: ${eventType}`, params);

            const eventKey = this.generateEventKey(eventType, params);

            // 检查是否已发送过相同事件
            if (this.sentEvents.has(eventKey)) {
                console.warn(`重复埋点事件被拦截: ${eventType}`, params);
                return false;
            }

            // 记录已发送事件
            this.sentEvents.add(eventKey);

            try {
                // 实际发送埋点
                return await this._sendTrackingRequest(eventType, params);
            } catch (error) {
                // 发生错误时移除记录，允许重试
                this.sentEvents.delete(eventKey);
                throw error;
            }
        },

        // 实际发送埋点请求
        _sendTrackingRequest(eventType, params) {
            // 构建基础埋点数据
            const baseParams = {
                tenantId: "1045748351789510663",
                journalId: "1155139928190095384",
                articleId: "1159864373164434179",
                eventType: eventType,
                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
                userId: this._getUserId() || "unknown",
            };

            // 合并自定义参数
            const finalParams = { ...baseParams, ...params };

            // 将参数对象转换为URL查询字符串
            const queryString = Object.entries(finalParams)
                .map(([key, value]) => `${key}=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`)
                .join('&');

            // 完整的埋点URL
            const trackUrl = `https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/statistics/point/articleDetailPoint?${queryString}`;

            return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
                const img = new Image();
                img.onload = () => {
                    console.log(`埋点发送成功: ${eventType}`, trackUrl);
                    resolve(true);
                };
                img.onerror = () => {
                    console.warn(`埋点发送失败: ${eventType}`, trackUrl);
                    reject(new Error('埋点请求失败'));
                };
                img.src = trackUrl;
            });
        },

        // 获取用户ID
        _getUserId() {
            return localStorage.getItem('userId') || sessionStorage.getItem('userId');
        }
    };

    // 统一的埋点函数
    async function trackEvent(eventType, customParams = {}) {
        return TrackingManager.sendEvent(eventType, customParams);
    }

    // 页面加载完成后自动发送埋点事件
    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', async () => {
        // 检查是否已经初始化过
        if (window.__trackingInitialized) {
            console.warn('埋点初始化已执行过，跳过重复执行');
            return;
        }

        window.__trackingInitialized = true;

        try {
            // 发送pageview事件
            await trackEvent('pageview', {
                pageTitle: document.title,
                screenWidth: window.innerWidth,
                screenHeight: window.innerHeight,
                userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
                referrer: document.referrer,
            });

            // 记录页面加载时间
            const pageLoadTime = performance.timing.loadEventEnd - performance.timing.navigationStart;
            await trackEvent('page_load_time', {
                loadTime: pageLoadTime,
            });

            // 示例：3秒后发送time_spent事件
            const startTime = Date.now();
            setTimeout(async () => {
                const elapsedTime = Date.now() - startTime;
                await trackEvent('time_spent', {
                    milliseconds: elapsedTime,
                });
            }, 3000);
        } catch (error) {
            console.error('埋点发送过程中出错:', error);
        }
    });

    $("#mag_rich_ref_charts").hide();


    $(function(){
        //$('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
    })
    $("#autoMenu").niceScroll({
        cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色
        cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度，从0-1
        touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用
        cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度  单位默认px
        cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义
        cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角
        autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条  true的时候默认不显示滚动条，当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条
        zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值
        railvalign:'defaul',
        railpadding: {
            top: 0,
            right: -6,
            left: 0,
            bottom: 0
        }, //滚动条的位置
    });
    $("#ckwxcankaowenxian").niceScroll({
        cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色
        cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度，从0-1
        touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用
        cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度  单位默认px
        cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义
        cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角
        autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条  true的时候默认不显示滚动条，当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条
        zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值
        railvalign:'defaul',
        railpadding: {
            top: 0,
            right: -6,
            left: 0,
            bottom: 0
        }, //滚动条的位置
    }); let score;
    let tempData2;
    let targetUrl = '';

    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
        score = null;

        fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/getAltmetricToken?articleId=1159864373164434179`)
            .then(response => {
                if (!response.ok) throw new Error('第一个接口调用失败');
                return response.json();
            })
            .then(data1 => {
                data1.articleId = String(data1.articleId);
                console.log('第一个接口返回:', data1);
                if (data1.status !== 200 || !data1.token) throw new Error('第一个接口token无效');

                return fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/getAltmetricInfo?articleId=1159864373164434179&token=${data1.token}`);
            })
            .then(response => {
                if (!response.ok) throw new Error('第二个接口调用失败');
                return response.json();
            })
            .then(data2 => {
                console.log('第二个接口返回:', data2);

                if (!data2 || typeof data2 !== 'object') {
                    throw new Error('第二个接口返回格式不正确');
                }

                // 逻辑分支1：没有request对象时，直接查score（不走后续接口）
                if (!data2.request || typeof data2.request !== 'object') {
                    console.log('无request对象，直接查询score');
                    // 这里假设score从data2中获取，实际根据接口返回调整
                    score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                    displayScore(score);
                    return null; // 返回null终止后续链式调用
                }

                // 逻辑分支2：有request对象时，检查current_art
                console.log('存在request对象，检查current_art状态');
                const currentArt = data2.request.current_art;

                // 2.1 current_art为false时，直接查score（不走后续接口）
                if (currentArt === false) {
                    console.log('current_art为false，直接查询score');
                    score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                    displayScore(score);
                    return null; // 返回null终止后续链式调用
                }

                // 2.2 current_art为true时，走原逻辑（调用第三方和第三个接口）
                if (currentArt === true) {
                    console.log('current_art为true，执行原逻辑');
                    if (!data2.request.token) {
                        throw new Error('第二个接口request中缺少token');
                    }
                    if (!data2.request.doi) {
                        throw new Error('第二个接口request中缺少doi');
                    }

                    tempData2 = data2;
                    const doi = data2.request.doi;
                    const encodedDoi = encodeURIComponent(doi);
                    const url = `https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/${encodedDoi}`;

                    return fetch(url, { method: 'GET', mode: 'cors' })
                        .then(altmetricResponse => {
                            console.log(`第三方接口返回状态: ${altmetricResponse.status}`);
                            return altmetricResponse.json().catch(() => {
                                return { status: altmetricResponse.status, error: '非JSON响应' };
                            });
                        });
                }

                // 2.3 current_art未定义时，默认直接查score
                console.log('current_art未定义，默认查询score');
                score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                displayScore(score);
                return null;
            })
            .then(altmetricData => {
                // 如果前面返回null，直接终止
                if (altmetricData === null) {
                    console.log('流程已终止，不执行后续接口调用');
                    return;
                }

                // 后续逻辑：处理第三方接口返回并调用第三个接口
                console.log('第三方接口返回:', altmetricData);
                score = altmetricData.score !== undefined ? altmetricData.score : null;
                displayScore(score);

                const formData = new FormData();
                formData.append('articleId', tempData2?.request?.id || '');
                formData.append('token', tempData2?.request?.token || '');
                formData.append('altmetricInfo', JSON.stringify(altmetricData));

                return fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/submitArticlePlumxInfo`, {
                    method: 'POST',
                    body: formData
                })
                    .then(response => {
                        console.log(`第三个接口返回状态: ${response.status}`);
                        return response.json().catch(() => ({ status: response.status, error: '非JSON响应' }));
                    });
            })
            .then(data3 => {
                if (data3) {
                    console.log('第三个接口返回:', data3);
                }
                if (targetUrl && typeof targetUrl === 'string' && targetUrl.trim() !== '') {
                    window.open(targetUrl, '_blank');
                }
            })
            .catch(error => {
                console.error('接口调用出错:', error);
                displayScore(null);
                if (targetUrl && typeof targetUrl === 'string' && targetUrl.trim() !== '') {
                    window.open(targetUrl, '_blank');
                }
            });
    });

    function displayScore(scoreValue) {
        if(scoreValue && scoreValue>0){
            if(scoreValue - parseInt(scoreValue) > 0){
                $("#altmetric-shu").html(parseInt(scoreValue)+1);
            }else{
                $("#altmetric-shu").html(parseInt(scoreValue));
            }
            $("#altmetric-div").show();
        }


    }



    (function ($) {
        var Menu = (function () {
            /**
             * @constructor
             */
            var Plugin = function(element, options) {
                this.$element = $(element);
                this.settings = $.extend({}, $.fn.autoMenu.defaults, typeof options === 'object' && options)
                this.init();
            }
            /**
             */
            Plugin.prototype = {
                init: function () {
                    var opts = this.settings;
                    this.$element.html(this.createHtml());
                    this.setActive();
                    this.bindEvent();
                },
                createHtml: function(){
                    var that = this;
                    var opts = that.settings;
                    var width = typeof opts.width === 'number' && opts.width;
                    var height = typeof opts.height === 'number' && opts.height;
                    var padding = typeof opts.padding === 'number' && opts.padding;
                    that.$element.width('100%');
                    var html = '<ul class="cas_nav_ul">';
                    var num = 0;
                    var shu="";
                    $('.cas_nav_daohang').each(function(){
                        var _this = $(this);
                        if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelOne.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            shu= num
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="yiji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelTwo.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelThree.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.parents('.mag_rich_body_p').attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/img_nav.png" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelFour.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/table_nav.png" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelFive.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.parent('.main_content_center_left_div_img_shuoming').siblings('.cas_zw_img_img').attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/video.png" style="width:18px;height:12px;" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }
                    })
                    html += '</ul>';
                    return html;
                },
                handleTxt: function(txt){
                    //姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓幓闄TML鐨勬爣绛�
                    return txt.replace(/<\/?[^>]+>/g,"").trim();
                },
                setActive: function(){
                    var $el = this.$element,
                        opts = this.settings,
                        items = opts.levelOne + ',' + opts.levelTwo +',' + opts.levelThree+',' + opts.levelFour+',' + opts.levelFive,
                        $items = $(items),
                        offTop = opts.offTop,
                        headLen = $('.cas_nav_daohang').length,
                        allEle = $('.cas_nav_daohang'),
                        top = $(document).scrollTop()+$('.yicangdsjk').height(),
                        currentId;
                    for (var i=headLen-1; i>=0; i--) {
                        if ($(window).scrollTop() >= allEle.eq(i).offset().top-$('.yicangdsjk').height() + allEle.eq(i).height()-allEle.eq(i).height()-150) {
                            var index = i;
                            $('#autoMenu ul li').eq(index).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active').siblings('.erji_div').children('li').removeClass('active');
                            return false;
                        } else {
                            $('#autoMenu ul li').eq(0).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active').siblings('.erji_div').children('li').removeClass('active');
                        }
                    }
                    $items.each(function(){
                        var m = $(this),
                            itemTop = m.offset().top;
                        if(top > itemTop-offTop){
                            currentId = m.attr('id');
                        }else{
                            return false;
                        }
                    })
                    var currentLink = $el.find('.active');
                },
                bindEvent: function(){
                    var _this = this;
                    $(window).scroll(function(){
                        _this.setActive();
                        var nav = $("#autoMenu");
                        var articleNav = nav.find('.active');
                        if (articleNav && articleNav.length > 0) {
                            var navItemtop = articleNav.position().top+89;
                            var navItemtop1 = articleNav.position().top;
                            var navItemHeight = articleNav.height();
                            var navItemBottom = navItemtop + navItemHeight  + 20;
                            console.log(navItemtop);
                            var scrollNav = $('#autoMenu');
                            var navScrollPos = scrollNav.scrollTop();
                            if (navItemBottom >= $(window).height()) {
                                scrollNav.scrollTop(navScrollPos + navItemHeight);
                            }
                            else if (navItemtop1 < 20) {
                                scrollNav.scrollTop(navScrollPos - navItemHeight);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                    _this.$element.on('click','.btn-box',function(){
                        if($(this).find('span').hasClass('icon-minus-sign')){
                            $(this).find('span').removeClass('icon-minus-sign').addClass('icon-plus-sign');
                            _this.$element.find('ul').fadeOut();
                        }else{
                            $(this).find('span').removeClass('icon-plus-sign').addClass('icon-minus-sign');
                            _this.$element.find('ul').fadeIn();
                        }

                    })
                }

            };
            return Plugin;
        })();


        /**
         * 杩欓噷鏄皢Plugin瀵硅薄 杞负jq鎻掍欢鐨勫舰寮忚繘琛岃皟鐢�
         * 瀹氫箟涓€涓彃浠� plugin
         */
        $.fn.autoMenu = function (options) {
            return this.each(function () {
                var $el = $(this),
                    menu = $el.data('autoMenu'),
                    option = $.extend({}, $.fn.autoMenu.defaults, typeof options === 'object' && options);
                if (!menu) {
                    //灏嗗疄渚嬪寲鍚庣殑鎻掍欢缂撳瓨鍦╠om缁撴瀯閲岋紙鍐呭瓨閲岋級
                    $el.data('autoMenu',new Menu(this, option));
                }

                /**
                 * 濡傛灉鎻掍欢鐨勫弬鏁版槸涓€涓瓧绗︿覆锛屽垯 璋冪敤 鎻掍欢鐨� 瀛楃涓叉柟娉曘€�
                 * 濡� $('#id').plugin('doSomething') 鍒欏疄闄呰皟鐢ㄧ殑鏄� $('#id).plugin.doSomething();
                 */
                if ($.type(options) === 'string') menu[option]();
            });
        };

        /**
         * 鎻掍欢鐨勯粯璁ゅ€�
         */
        $.fn.autoMenu.defaults = {
            levelOne : 'h3', //涓€绾ф爣棰�
            levelTwo : 'h4',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelThree : 'h5',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelFour : 'h6',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelFive : 'h7',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            padding: 20, //鍐呴儴闂磋窛
            offTop : 100, //婊氬姩鍒囨崲瀵艰埅鏃剁椤堕儴鐨勮窛绂�

        };

        /**
         * 浼橀泤澶勶細 閫氳繃data-xxx 鐨勬柟寮� 瀹炰緥鍖栨彃浠躲€�
         * 杩欐牱鐨勮瘽 鍦ㄩ〉闈笂灏变笉闇€瑕佹樉绀鸿皟鐢ㄤ簡銆�
         * 鍙互鏌ョ湅bootstrap 閲岄潰鐨凧S鎻掍欢鍐欐硶
         */

    })(jQuery);




    $(function(){
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width(wid*$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length);
        for(var t =0;t<$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;t++){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').eq(t).width(wid);
        }
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-40);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs+5});

    })
    function li_click(a){
        var index = $('.cas_nav_ul li a').index($(a));

        var top_height= $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var ddIndex = $(a).stop().attr('href').lastIndexOf('#');
        var ddId = $(a).stop().attr('href').substring(ddIndex+1);
        console.log(ddId)
        var windowTop = $('#' + ddId + '').offset().top-50-top_height;
        $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: windowTop}, 'fast');
    }
    var gao = "";
    var win_height="";
    var diheight="";
    var heigthzhengwen= "";
    var document_height="";
    window.onload=function(){
        heigthzhengwen=$('.main_content_center').find('.main_content_center_left').height();
        gao = $('.huoquoffset').offset().top;
        document_height = $('body').height();
        diheight= $('.main_content_bottom').offset().top;
        var win_height = $(window).height();
        var pisus =$('.yicangdsjk').css('position');
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop-$('.yicangdsjk').height();
        if(pisus=="fixed" && t>$('.yicangdsjk').height()){
            $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-30);
        }else{
            $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-30);
        }

        var width= $('.main_content_center_right').width();
        $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-30);
        $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-30);
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-30);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs});
        for(var a = 0;a<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').length;a++){
            var widt= $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).width();
            var fwit = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
            if(widt>fwit){
                if(600>fwit){
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','100%');
                }else{
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','600px');
                }
            }else if(widt<fwit){
                if(600>widt){
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width',widt+'px');
                }else{
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','600px');
                }
            }
        }
        for(var i =0;i<$('.yiji').length;i++){
            if($('.yiji').eq(i).next('li').hasClass("sub") || $('.yiji').eq(i).next('li').hasClass("sub_sanji")){
                $('.yiji').eq(i).append('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i" onclick="click_nav_daidn(this);"></i>');
            }
        }
    }
    var zhid =1;
    function closedk(a) {
        var height = $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var height1 = $('#huoqudndkk').height();
        $('.yicangdsjk').fadeOut();
        $('#huoqudndkk').css('top','0');
        $('#huoqudndkk').height(height1+height);
        zhid =0;
    }
    function click_nav_daidn(a){
        var name_num=$(a).parent('li').attr("name");
        var cla= ".dianjinav_"+name_num;
        if($(a).attr("class")=="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i"){
            for(var i =0;i<$(cla).length;i++){
                $(a).parent('li').siblings(cla).slideUp();
            }
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top nav_i');
        }else if($(a).attr("class")=="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top nav_i"){
            for(var i =0;i<$(cla).length;i++){
                $(a).parent('li').siblings(cla).slideDown();
            }
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i');
        }
    }
    function resetLayout() {
        var bdidhjfwidth =  document.body.clientWidth;
        var width1=$('.main_content_center_right').width();
        var now_doc_height = $('body').height();
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        if( bdidhjfwidth > 1050){
            if(t>$('.huoquoffset').offset().top){
                if(zhid==1){
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideDown();
                }
                $('#huoqudndkk').addClass('fixed');
                $('#huoqudndkk').css('width',width1);
            }else{
                $('#huoqudndkk').removeClass('fixed');
                $('.yicangdsjk').slideUp();
            }
        }else{
            if($('.shoujihadhjsdj') && $('.shoujihadhjsdj').length && $('.shoujihadhjsdj').length>0){
                var odhdjf = $('.shoujihadhjsdj').offset().top;
                if(t>=odhdjf){
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideDown();
                }else{
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideUp();
                }
            }
        }

    }
    $(window).scroll(function () {
        var heigthzhengwen_jian= $('.main_content_center').find('.main_content_center_left').height();
        resetLayout();
        $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
        var heigh=$('.main_content_top').offset().top;
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        var top_height= $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var shishidibu= $('.main_content_bottom').offset().top;
        var c ="";
        $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
        $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
        var nav_off_top = $('.huoquoffset').offset().top;
        if(t>heigh){
            if(zhid == 1){
                $('#huoqudndkk').css('top',top_height+20);
            }
            var win_height = $(window).height();
            if(zhid == 1){
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-top_height-50);
            }else{
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-top_height-80);
            }
            c = $('.main_content_bottom').height();
        }
        if(heigthzhengwen==heigthzhengwen_jian){
            var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-50;
            if(t>diheight-$('.main_content_bottom').height()-$('.yicangdsjk').height()*7-30){
                if(zhid == 1){
                    $('#huoqudndkk').height(b);
                }
                $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
                $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
            }
        }else{
            var cha =heigthzhengwen-heigthzhengwen_jian;
            if(zhid == 1){
                var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-90;
            }else{
                var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height();
            }
            if(t>diheight-cha-$('.main_content_bottom').height()-$('.yicangdsjk').height()*9-30){
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(b);
                $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
                $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
            }
        }


    })
    $(window).resize(function() {
        resetLayout()
        var width1=$('.main_content_center_right').width();
        $('#huoqudndkk').css('width',width1);
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width(wid*$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length);
        for(var t =0;t<$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;t++){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').eq(t).width(wid);
        }
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-40);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs+5});
    });
    /* 寮曠敤鏈枃涓嬩竴绡� */
    var index = 0;
    function xiayipian(){
        var a = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var zong = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width();
        var left = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').css('left');
        var left1 = left.replace(/px/ig, '');
        var left2 = left1.replace(/-/ig, '');
        if(index*1+1 != a){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').animate({left:"-="+wid});
            index = index+1;
        }else{
           // alert("鏈€鍚庝竴涓�");

        }
    }
    /* 寮曠敤鏈枃涓婁竴绡� */
    function shangyipian(){
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var zong = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width();
        var left = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').css('left');
        var left1 = left.replace(/px/ig, '');
        var left2 = left1.replace(/-/ig, '');
        if(index*1-1 >= 0){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').animate({left:"+="+wid});
            index = index-1;
        }else{
           // alert("绗竴涓�")
        }
    }
    /* 涓嬫媺妗嗛€夋嫨瀵艰埅 */
    function Jump(a){
        var id = $(a).attr('value');
        var windowTop = $('#' + id +'').offset().top-10;
        $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: windowTop}, 'fast');
    }

    function slide_up(a){
        if($(a).html()== "+"){
            $(a).parent('.Author_contribution').next('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideDown("slow");
            $(a).html('-')
        }else if($(a).html()== "-"){
            $(a).parent('.Author_contribution').next('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideUp("slow");
            $(a).html('+')
        }
    }

    function Author_details_put_away(a){
        $(a).parent('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideUp("slow");
        $(a).parent('.Author_contribution_content').prev('.Author_contribution').find('i').attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down');
    }

    function zhaiyaozhan(a){
        if($(a).attr('class') == "glyphicon glyphicon-minus main_content_center_left_one_title_i"){
            $(a).parent('.main_content_center_left_one_title').next('.zhaiyaojs').stop().slideUp("slow");
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-plus main_content_center_left_one_title_i');
        }else if($(a).attr('class') == "glyphicon glyphicon-plus main_content_center_left_one_title_i"){
            $(a).parent('.main_content_center_left_one_title').next('.zhaiyaojs').stop().slideDown("slow");
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-minus main_content_center_left_one_title_i');
        }
    }

    function daochu_div(a,event){
        var top = $(a).offset().top;
        var left = $(a).offset().left;
        $('.daochu_div').css({'top':top+30,'left':left});
        $('.daochu_div').stop().slideDown("slow");
        event.stopPropagation();
    }

    $('body').click(function(){
        $('.daochu_div').hide();
        $('.qipao').hide();
    })
    $('.qipao').click(function(event){
        event.stopPropagation();
    })



    function guanbiann(){
        $('.new_full_rich_model').hide();
        $('.new_full_rich_motaikuang').hide();
    }


    function  dianjitab(a,b){
        $(a).css({'background':'#dceefb','border-top':'2px solid #2992e2'}).siblings('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').css({'background':'#f0f7fc','border-top':'2px solid #f0f7fc'});
        $(b).stop().slideDown("slow").siblings('.yuedushu').stop().slideUp("slow");
    }

    function shouqidk(a){
        $(a).parent('.yuedushu').stop().slideUp("slow");
        for(var i = 0 ;i<$('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').length;i++){
            $('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').eq(i).css({'background':'#f0f7fc','border-top':'2px solid #f0f7fc'});
        }
    }

    function zuihoutab (a,b){
        $(a).css({'background':'#fff','border-top':'2px solid #0d6797','color':'#0d6797'}).siblings('.main_content_center_right_div_tab_top_div').css({'background':'#ebf0f4','border-top':'2px solid #ebf0f4','color':'#333'});
        $(b).stop().slideDown("slow").siblings('.main_content_center_right_div_tab_con').stop().slideUp("slow");
    }

    var x11 ="";
    function mouseMove(ev){
        Ev= ev || window.event;
        var mousePos = mouseCoords(ev);
        x11 = mousePos.x;
    }
    function mouseCoords(ev){
        if(ev.pageX || ev.pageY){
            return {x:ev.pageX, y:ev.pageY};
        }
        return{
            x:ev.clientX + document.body.scrollLeft - document.body.clientLeft,
            y:ev.clientY + document.body.scrollTop - document.body.clientTop
        };
    }
    document.onmousemove = mouseMove;

    //鏂规硶2
    //Firefox鏀寔灞炴€ageX,涓巔ageY灞炴€э紝杩欎袱涓睘鎬у凡缁忔妸椤甸潰婊氬姩璁＄畻鍦ㄥ唴浜�,
    //鍦–hrome鍙互閫氳繃document.body.scrollLeft锛宒ocument.body.scrollTop璁＄畻鍑洪〉闈㈡粴鍔ㄤ綅绉伙紝
    //鑰屽湪IE涓嬪彲浠ラ€氳繃document.documentElement.scrollLeft 锛宒ocument.documentElement.scrollTop
    function getMousePos(event) {
        var e = event || window.event;
        var scrollX = document.documentElement.scrollLeft || document.body.scrollLeft;
        var scrollY = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        var x = e.pageX || e.clientX + scrollX;
        var y = e.pageY || e.clientY + scrollY;
        //alert('x: ' + x + '\ny: ' + y);
        return { 'x': x, 'y': y};
    }


    function showimg(thiss){
        $('.new_full_rich_motaikuang').show();
        $('.new_full_rich_model').show();
        $('.zuo').show();
        $('.you').show();
        $('.cas_motaikuang').show();
        $('.cas_model').show();
        var mTop = $(thiss).offset().top;
        $('.new_full_rich_model').css("top",mTop+100);
        var scr=$(thiss).attr('src');
        $('.tp').attr('src',scr);
        var nr=$(thiss).parent('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
        $('.neirong').html(nr);
        var arr=[];
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            var img_src=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).children('img').attr('src');
            var zong=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
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            var puse = {};
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            puse.src=img_src;
            puse.zongde=zong;
            arr[i]=puse;
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    function fanhuidingbu(){
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    function zhedieyouce(){
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            width111 = $('.main_content_center_right').width();
            $('.main_content_center_right').hide();
            $('.main_content_center_left').width('100%');
            zd_html="Section";
        }else if(zd_html=="Section"){
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            $('.main_content_center_left').width('60%');
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        }

    }

    var zd_html="Full size";

    function shu_fanhuidinfgbu(a){
        $(a).html("Top");
        $(a).css({'font-size':'13px','line-height':'18px'})
    }

    function u_shu_fanhuidinfgbu(a){
        $(a).html('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></i>');
        $(a).css({'font-size':'14px','line-height':'40px'})
    }
    function shu_zedieyouce(a){
        $(a).html(zd_html);
        zd_html=$(a).html();
        $(a).css({'font-size':'13px','line-height':'18px'})
    }
    function u_shu_zedieyouce(a){
        $(a).css({'font-size':'14px','line-height':'40px'})
        $(a).html('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>');
    }
    // 首先定义日期转换函数
    function convertChineseToEnglishDate(chineseDate) {
        // 提取年、月、日 - 支持多种中文日期格式
        const matches = chineseDate.match(/(\d{4})[年\-\\/](\d{1,2})[月\-\\/](\d{1,2})[日]?/);
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            return chineseDate; // 返回原内容如果格式不匹配
        }

        const year = matches[1];
        const month = parseInt(matches[2]);
        const day = parseInt(matches[3]);

        const monthNames = [
            'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
            'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sept', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'
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        return `${day} ${monthNames[month - 1]} ${year}`;
    }

    // 使用jQuery循环处理所有riqizhuahuan类元素
    $(document).ready(function() {
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            const chineseDate = $(this).html().trim();

            // 调用转换函数
            const englishDate = convertChineseToEnglishDate(chineseDate);

            // 将转换后的日期设置回元素
            $(this).html(englishDate);

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            $(this).addClass('converted-to-english');
        });
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            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-1-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
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                return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
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            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-2-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
                return b.Name - a.Name; //从大到小
                //return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
            });
            for (var i = 0; i < EntityList.length; i++) {
                EntityList[i].JQ.appendTo(divTestJQ); //把排序完的对象重新插入  到容器对象
            };
        }else if(type==3){//文献被引倒序
            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-3-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
                return b.Name - a.Name; //从大到小
                //return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
            });
            for (var i = 0; i < EntityList.length; i++) {
                EntityList[i].JQ.appendTo(divTestJQ); //把排序完的对象重新插入到容器对象
            };
        }
    }

    function downloadCitationFile1(type){
        downloadCitationFile(type);
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        var journalId = '1155139928190095384';
        var language = 'CN';
        var doi = '10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.009';
        var url = "https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/article/citation/download?tenantId="+tenantId+"&journalId="+journalId+"&language="+language+"&doi="+doi+"&citationType="+type;
        console.log("下载引用管理文件url："+url);
        // 创建一个临时的a标签
        var element = document.createElement('a');
        element.setAttribute('href', url);
        element.setAttribute('target', "__blank");

        // 隐藏a标签
        element.style.display = 'none';
        document.body.appendChild(element);

        // 模拟点击事件来下载文件
        element.click();

        // 下载后移除a标签
        document.body.removeChild(element);


    }

    function saveParamsAndJump (domain,tenantId,journalId,articleId) {
        // 改用 sessionStorage（刷新页面不丢失，关闭标签页后失效）
        sessionStorage.setItem('articleId', articleId || '');
        // 跳转页面
        window.location.href = domain + '/metrics/' + tenantId+"/"+journalId+"/"+articleId;
    }

    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
        // 初始渲染
        MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        
        // 监听动态内容变化
        const observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
            MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
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        observer.observe(document.body, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true
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  $(function(){
        getPreviewArticle();
        getNextArticle();
        if($("#trendmd-journal-id") && $("#trendmd-journal-id").length && $("#trendmd-journal-id").length>0){
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				script.type = "text/javascript";
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    function getPreviewArticle() {
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                    $("#pre_article_a").attr("href", 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/'+res.data.id);
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    function getNextArticle() {
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    $(function() {
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    } 网站版权 © 《中国工程科学》杂志社有限责任公司 电话: 0086-10-58582252 京公网安备 11010502051620号 京ICP备11030251号-2 Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd var _hmt = _hmt || [];
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Received	Accepted	Published
2020-05-09
Issue Date
2024-06-13

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English

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Key words

引用本文

1、引言

2、方法论

3、结果和讨论

4、结论

参考文献

基金资助

Study	Testing method and instruments	Model years	Distance specific emission factors (mg·km^-1)		Fuel consumption specific emission factors (mg·km^-1)
Study	Testing method and instruments	Model years	PFI	GDI	PFI	GDI
This study	PEMS	2012‒2015	0.10‒0.17	1.10‒1.56	0.73‒3.61	15.61‒24.85
Ref.[40]	PEMS	2017‒2018	—	0.11‒1.00	—	—
Ref.[16]	On-board tailpipe	2006‒2012	—	—	0.57 ± 1.19	—
Ref.[11]	Dynamometer	1993‒2014	0.05‒0.33	6.5‒7.6	1.70‒8.90	—
Ref.[42]	Dynamometer	1998‒2011	0.06‒2.20	1.09	—	36.00
Ref.[39]	Dynamometer	2010‒2012	0.11‒2.04	1.33‒4.42	—	—
Ref.[41]	Dynamometer	2012‒2015	0.24‒0.67	1.62‒4.08	—	—
Ref.[14]	Roadside	2010 fleet at Toronto	—	—	71.2‒151.8 (not specified)
Ref.[50]	Roadside	2016 fleet at Londrina	—	—	25.7 ± 12.4 (not specified)
Ref.[15]	Plume Chasing	2011 fleet at Slovenia	—	—	280 (150‒460, not specified)
Ref.[54]	Plume Chasing	2007 fleet at Los Angeles	—	—	60 (not specified)
Ref.[55]	Plume Chasing	2007 fleet at Beijing	—	—	300 (not specified)
Ref.[51]	Tunnel	2006 fleet at California	—	—	26 ± 4 (LDVs, mostly powered by gasoline)
Ref.[49]	Tunnel	2004 fleet at California	—	—	30.4 (LDVs, mostly powered by gasoline)
Ref.[52]	Tunnel	1997 fleet at California	—	—	35 ± 3 (not specified)
Ref.[53]	Tunnel	1996 fleet at California	—	—	30 ± 2 (not specified)

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摘要

Abstract

关键词

Key words

引用本文

1、 引言

2、 方法论

3、 结果和讨论

4、 结论

参考文献

基金资助

AI思维导图

1、引言

2、方法论

3、结果和讨论

4、结论