基于表位定向细胞库筛选高亲和力PD-1突变体诱骗分子
刘昊 , 乔春霞 , 胡乃静 , 王志宏 , 王晶 , 冯健男 , 沈倍奋 , 马远方 , 罗龙龙
工程(英文) ›› 2021, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (11) : 1557 -1565.
基于表位定向细胞库筛选高亲和力PD-1突变体诱骗分子
High-Affinity Decoy PD-1 Mutant Screened from an Epitope-Specific Cell Library
抗程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(programmed cell death protein-1, PD-1)/程序性细胞死亡配体-1(programmed cell death ligand-1, PD-L1)单克隆抗体的免疫疗法已成为治疗肺癌、肠癌和黑色素瘤等多种癌症的常规方法。PD-1/PD-L1信号通路在肿瘤微环境中可抑制T细胞活化,使其成为一个热门的抗癌靶点。野生型(wild type, WT)PD-1胞外结构域由于亲和力低而难以阻断PD-1/PD-L1复合物的形成。本文利用三维(3D)晶体复合结构分析了PD-1与PD-L1或PD-L2的相互作用。文中还报道了PD-1与其临床抗体Opdivo结合模式的理论研究。通过对PD-1及其配体(即PD-L1和PD-L2)或抗体Opdivo的理论结合分析,建立了PD-1的一个小库容量、表位定向的哺乳动物细胞文库。经过三轮细胞分选,筛选出对PD-L1有较高亲和力的PD-1突变体463(亲和力较野生型PD-1提高近3个数量级)。它对PD-1具有抑制作用,可阻止PD-1与PD-L1形成复合物,这与商品化的抗PD-L1抗体atezolizumab(ATE)的作用相似。突变体463的半数有效浓度(median effective concentration, EC50)为0.031 μg·mL−1,而ATE的EC50为0.063 μg·mL−1,两者均明显低于野生型PD-1的EC50 (2.571 μg·mL−1)。在MC38转基因小鼠模型中,463可有效逆转PD-1对T细胞活化的抑制作用,而且10 mg·kg−1的463突变体蛋白对肿瘤生长的抑制率约为75%,与同等剂量下ATE的抑制活性相似。更有趣的是,低剂量的463(2 mg·kg−1)显示出比10 mg·kg−1的野生型PD-1更好的抑瘤效果。这项工作提供了一种高亲和力诱饵骗分子463,其体内外活性较天然PD-1分子有明显提高,因此,它有可能成为靶向PD-1/PD-L1治疗相关肿瘤的良好选择。
Immunotherapy with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies has become routine in the treatment of many kinds of human cancers, such as lung cancer, intestinal cancer, and melanoma. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibits T cell activation in the micro-environment, making it an attractive target against cancer. Wild-type (WT) PD-1 ectodomain has been shown to have difficulty blocking PD-1/PD-L1 mixture formation due to its low affinity. The present work uses three-dimensional (3D) crystal complex structures to analyze the interaction by which PD-1 binds to PD-L1 or PD-L2. It also reports on a theoretical study of the binding mode between PD-1 and its clinical antibody Opdivo. Based on the theoretical binding analysis of PD-1 and its ligands (i.e., PD-L1 and PD-L2) or antibody (Opdivo), a small-content, epitope-oriented mammalian cell library was established for PD-1. After three rounds of cell sorting, the decoy PD-1 mutant 463, which presented a higher affinity than WT PD-1 to the PD-L1 (the affinity has increased by almost three orders of magnitude) was screened out. It exhibited an inhibitory effect against PD-1 to prevent it from forming mixtures with PD-L1, which was similar to the effect of the commercial anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab (ATE). The median effective concentration (EC50) value of the decoy mutant was 0.031 μg·mL−1 in comparison with 0.063 μg·mL−1 for ATE; both values were much lower than that of WT PD-1, at 2.571 μg·mL−1. The 463 decoy mutant reversed the inhibitory function of PD-1 in T cell activation; furthermore, 10 mg·kg−1 of 463 inhibited about 75% of tumor growth in vivo in a MC38 transgenic xenograft mice model, which was similar to the activity of ATE. More interestingly, an even lower dose of 463 (2 mg·kg−1) showed a better effect than 10 mg·kg−1 of WT PD-1. This work offers the decoy 463 with an improved curative effect, which holds potential to become a good option against PD-1/PD-L1-related cancers.
诱饵程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1 / 程序性细胞死亡配体-1 / 哺乳动物细胞文库 / 表位定向
Decoy PD-1 / PD-L1 / Mammalian cell library / Epitope-oriented
| PD-1 mutant | Key residues in PD-1 interact with PD-L1 | Interaction energy between PD-1 and PD-L1 before PD-1 mutant (kJ) | Interaction energy between PD-1 and PD-L1 after Ala replacement in PD-1 (kJ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PD-1 M1 | Asn66Tyr68 | ‒218.96 | ‒108.29 |
| PD-1 M2 | Asn74Gln75Thr76Asp77Lys78 | ‒218.96 | ‒98.31 |
| PD-1 M3 | Tyr45Glu46Asp48Asn49 | ‒218.96 | ‒215.38 |
| PD-1 M4 | Ile126Leu128Lys131Ile134Glu136 | ‒218.96 | ‒94.29 |
| PD-1 M5 | Glu84Asp85Arg86Ser87Gln88 | ‒218.96 | ‒106.83 |
| Key amino acid | Alternative amino acid replacement (free energy ≤ ‒119 kJ) | Merger codon |
|---|---|---|
| Val64 | His, Ile, Leu | AWS |
| Arg69 | Glu | RRS |
| Asn74 | Gly, Ser | RRC |
| Ala81 | Val, Leu, Ile | VYC |
| Glu84 | Gln, Asp | SAS |
| Arg86 | His, Tyr | YRC |
| Ser87 | Asn | ARC |
| Gly90 | Ala, Val, Leu | SBC |
| Gln91 | Tyr, Phe | YWS |
| Leu122 | Ile, Gln | MWS |
| Ser127 | Tyr, Phe | THC |
| Ala129 | Gly | GSC |
| Ala132 | Val, Leu, Ile | BYC |
| Mutant | Simple No. | Ka ((mol∙L-1∙s)-1) | Kd (s-1) | KD (mol∙L-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 408 | PD-L1 PD-L1 PD-L1 PD-L1 PD-L1 | 9.84 × 107 | 0.572 | 5.81 × 10‒9 |
| 410 | 1.08 × 105 | 0.137 | 1.28 × 10‒6 | |
| 446 | 5.05 × 106 | 0.178 | 3.53 × 10‒8 | |
| 463 | 9.99 × 105 | 2.060 × 10‒3 | 2.06 × 10‒9 | |
| 506 | 4.25 × 109 | 23.600 | 5.54 × 10‒9 | |
| 408 | PD-L2 PD-L2 PD-L2 PD-L2 PD-L2 | 3.40 × 106 | 9.070 × 10‒2 | 2.67 × 10‒8 |
| 410 | 3.47 × 1010 | 4.240 × 102 | 1.22 × 10‒8 | |
| 446 | 2.31 × 106 | 2.070 × 10‒2 | 8.96 × 10‒9 | |
| 463 | 2.80 × 106 | 1.950 × 10‒2 | 6.95 × 10‒9 | |
| 506 | 7.70 × 106 | 0.128 | 1.66 × 10‒8 |
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