新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）在全球的大流行威胁着诸多国家当前的突发公共卫生事件应急响应体系（PHERS）。尽管有许多影响病毒存活和在物种间传播的环境因素在PHERS中发挥着重要作用，但目前对这些因素的重视仍然不足。本研究描述并阐明了环境因素在未来PHERS中的作用，提出为提高各国应对COVID-19 等与病毒感染相关的突发公共卫生事件的能力，在此类突发公共卫生事件发生之前、之时和之后都应考虑环境因素的影响与作用。在疫情暴发前，需要加强环境保护和野生动物保护，对动物和热点地区进行病毒的详细监测，完善疫情的早期预警体系。在疫情发生的时候，需要加强环境因素对病毒行为影响的相关研究，采取措施来最大限度地减少次生环境风险，并及时对病毒带来的风险和次生环境风险进行评估，以减少疫情对人类健康和生态系统的影响。在疫情发生之后，要进一步加强病毒监测，预防病毒传播，坚持最小化次生环境风险的控制措施，增强预测疫情发生和复发的能力，为下一次疫情突发做好准备。同时，应该在'一个健康'（One Health）理念（认为全球的人类健康和环境健康是密不可分的）的基础上，恢复人类正常的生活和生产。本文提出的建议对于提高各国应对突发公共卫生事件的能力至关重要。

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems (PHERSs) of many countries. Although environmental factors, such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans, play important roles in PHERSs, little attention has been given to these factors. This study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future PHERSs. To improve countries' capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of environmental factors should be considered before, during, and after the responses to such emergencies. More specifically, to prevent pandemic outbreaks, we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection, conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots, and improve early-warning systems. During the pandemic, we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors, develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks, and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on ecosystems. After the pandemic, we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread, maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks, develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences, and prepare for the next unexpected resurgence. Meanwhile, we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the ″One Health″ concept, that views global human and environmental health as inextricably linked. Our recommendations are essential for improving nations' capability to respond to global public health emergencies.