近20 年来，新兴有机污染物（EOC）在水环境中的污染现状和潜在危害引起了人们的广泛关注。由于EOC的种类多、数量大，监测项目、治理措施和法律法规应重点关注对生态系统和人体健康产生重要影响的污染物。本文提出了一种基于危害指数和暴露指数的多标准筛选方法，用于对我国地表水检出的405 种未管控的新兴污染物进行优先筛选。对污染物的危害效应、暴露潜力、生态风险和人体健康风险进行定量分析和初步筛选。危害指数为污染物持久性、生物累积性、生态毒性和人体健康危害的综合效应。同样，暴露指数为检出浓度和检出频率的综合函数。根据危害指数和暴露指数标准化值的乘积，对通过初步筛选的123 种污染物进行优先指数排序。根据排序结果，11 种污染物被列为最高优先等级，36 种污染物被列为高优先等级。通过比较优先指数与暴露指数、危害指数、生态风险、人体健康风险的排序结果，发现优先指数可以有效地整合单个指标的排序结果。根据暴露数据和危害数据的可获得性，划分了4 种不确定类别，并针对4 种不确定类别提出不同的应对措施：①对不确定类别1 中的污染物进行常规监测，制定环境质量标准和管控策略；②对不确定类别2 中的污染物增加环境监测项目；③不对确定类别3 中的污染物增加危害评估；④对不确定类别4 中的污染物增加环境监测和危害评估。总体上，本文提出了我国地表水中应优先控制的19 种新兴污染物名录建议，该名录为我国地表水中EOC的监测、控制、评价和管理提供了必要的信息。

The occurrence and impacts of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in the aquatic environment have gained widespread attention over the past two decades. Due to large number of potential contaminants, monitoring campaigns, treatment plants, and proposed regulations should preferentially focus on specific pollutants with the highest potential for ecological and human health effects. In the present study, a multi-criteria screening approach based on hazard and exposure potentials was developed for prioritization of 405 unregulated EOCs already present in Chinese surface water. Hazard potential, exposure potential, and risk quotients for ecological and human health effects were quantitatively analyzed and used to screen contaminants. The hazard potential was defined by contaminant persistence, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicity, and human health effects; similarly, the exposure potential was a function of contaminant concentration and detection frequency. In total, 123 compounds passed the preselection process, which involved a priority index equal to the normalized hazard potential multiplied by the normalized exposure potential. Based on the prioritization scheme, 11 compounds were identified as top-priority, and 37 chemicals were defined as high-priority. The results obtained by the priority index were compared with four other prioritization schemes based on exposure potential, hazard potential, or risk quotients for ecological effects or human health. The priority index effectively captured and integrated the results from the more simplistic prioritization schemes. Based on identified data gaps, four uncertainty categories were classified to recommend: ① regular monitoring, derivation of environmental quality standards, and development of control strategies, ② increased monitoring, ③ fortified hazard assessment, and ④ increased efforts to collect occurrence and toxicity data. Overall, 20 pollutants were recommended as priority EOCs. The prioritized list of contaminants provides the necessary information for authoritative regulations to monitor, control, evaluate, and manage the risks of environmentally-relevant EOCs in Chinese surface water.