由外伤、手术、先天性畸形和其他因素导致的骨缺损是当今最常见的健康问题之一。尽管自体骨移植和同种异体骨移植等策略是目前促进骨再生最成功的治疗方法，但仍存在移植物来源有限和并发症等局限性。Smartbone^®是一种异种复合植骨材料（由牛骨基质、聚L-乳酸-己内酯和明胶制成），具有良好的临床骨再生效果。在这项研究中，我们研究了使用不同来源的明胶（牛和猪来源）制备的异种复合植骨材料（分别命名为SBN和SPK），并在体外和体内评估了其生物学效应。结果表明，来自牛和猪的明胶都可以成功且安全负载于Smartbone^®上，并且能够承受苛刻制备过程。SBN和SPK在体外显示出不同的成骨细胞效应。SBN可促进人成骨细胞的骨钙蛋白分泌，而SPK可上调骨桥蛋白的表达。在体内实验中，两种植骨材料都促进了成骨，但SPK比SBN更早降解。我们的研究结果表明，SBN和SPK为优化骨修复植入物的吸收和再生平衡提供了不同的解决方案，这些异种复合植骨材料具有应用于骨缺损修复领域的巨大潜力。

Bone defects resulting from trauma, surgery, congenital malformations, and other factors are among the most common health problems nowadays. Although current strategies such as autografts and allografts are recognized as the most successful treatments for stimulating bone regeneration, limitations such as graft source and complications still exist. SmartBone^® is a xeno-hybrid bone graft (made from bovine bone matrix, poly(L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone), and gelatin) with a positive clinical record for bone regeneration. In this study, the formulation for designing xeno-hybrid bone grafts using gelatins from different sources (bovine- and porcine-derived gelatin, with bone grafts named SBN and SPK, respectively) was investigated, and the biological responses were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrate that gelatins from both bovine and porcine sources can be loaded onto SmartBone^® successfully and safely, withstanding the aggressive manufacturing processes. Different bone cell responses were observed in vitro. SBN was found to enhance osteocalcin secretion while SPK was found to upregulate osteopontin from human osteoblasts. In vivo, both bone grafts promoted osteogenesis, but SPK degraded earlier than SBN. Our findings suggest that SBN and SPK provide different yet comparable solutions for optimizing the bone resorption and regeneration balance. These xeno-hybrid bone grafts possess ideal potential for bone defect repairing.