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地基超光谱立体遥感网络——一种探究中国PM2.5和O3协同控制的新策略
Cheng Liu, Chengzhi Xing, Qihou Hu, Qihua Li, Haoran Liu, Qianqian Hong, Wei Tan, Xiangguang Ji, Hua Lin, Chuan Lu, Jinan Lin, Hanyang Liu, Shaocong Wei, Jian Chen, Kunpeng Yang, Shuntian Wang, Ting Liu, Yujia Chen
工程（英文） ›› 2022, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (12) : 71-83.
PDF(4520 KB)
PDF(4520 KB)
地基超光谱立体遥感网络——一种探究中国PM2.5和O3协同控制的新策略
Ground-based Hyperspectral Stereoscopic Remote Sensing Network: A Promising Strategy to Learn Coordinated Control of O3 and PM2.5 over China
进入“十四五”时期，PM2.5（空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5 μm的颗粒物）和O3的协同控制成为我国大气污染防治的重大课题。PM2.5、O3及其前体物的立体监测对于实现协同控制至关重要。然而，目前的监测网络不足以同时监测PM2.5和O3的垂直分布以及支持空气质量控制。2015 年以来，中国科学技术大学（USTC）基于多轴差分吸收光谱仪（MAX-DOAS）在全国范围内主导建立了地基超光谱遥感网络。该立体监测网络为我国PM2.5和O3的区域协同控制提供了重要机遇。基于搭设于四个特大城市（北京、上海、深圳和重庆）的四个MAX-DOAS 监测站获取的一年时间的气溶胶、NO2和HCHO的垂直廓线，探究京津冀（JJJ）、长三角（YRD）、珠三角（PRD）和四川盆地（SB）四大典型污染区域的大气污染物垂直分布差异。400 m以下归一化和年平均的气溶胶垂直廓线在JJJ 和PRD地区分别呈箱型和高斯型分布，在YRD和SB地区都呈E指数型分布。由于四个区域的NO2都主要来自交通车辆排放，因此NO2在四个区域都呈E指数型分布。HCHO垂直廓线在JJJ 和PRD地区呈高斯型分布，在YRD和SB地区呈E指数型分布。此外，立体监测网络中的五个MAX-DOAS 站点[石家庄（SJZ）、望都（WD）、南城（NC）、中国气象科学研究院（CAMS）和中国科学院大学（UCAS）]同时监测到一次发生在华北平原（NCP）西南—东北通道海拔600~1000 m 的典型区域传输事件。气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）在上述五个站点表现为SJZ > WD > NC > CAMS > UCAS。在WD和NC之间监测到了发生在700~900 m高空的NO2短距离区域传输。作为二次气溶胶的重要前体物，研究发现WD和NC的NO2气团峰值均比其气溶胶消光气团峰值早出现约1 h。同时监测到了NC和CAMS之间发生在700~900 m高空的HCHO短距离区域传输，这可能会对北京的O3浓度造成潜在影响。最后，选择CAMS作为典型站点探究垂直方向O3-NOx-挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的敏感性。研究发现O3在0~100 m和100~200 m高度层分别受VOC控制和VOC-NOx混合控制。此外，O3的向下输送也可能会增加近地面O3的浓度。该地基超光谱立体遥感网络为支持PM2.5、O3及其前体物的管控和溯源提供了一种非常具有前景的策略。
With the coming of the “14th Five-Year Plan”, the coordinated control of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter no greater than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and O3 has become a major issue of air pollution prevention and control in China. The stereoscopic monitoring of regional PM2.5 and O3 and their precursors is crucial to achieve coordinated control. However, current monitoring networks are currently inadequate for monitoring the vertical profiles of both PM2.5 and O3 simultaneously and support air quality control. The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) has established a nationwide ground-based hyperspectral stereoscopic remote sensing network based on multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) since 2015. This monitoring network provides a significant opportunity for the regional coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 in China. One-year vertical profiles of aerosol, NO2 and HCHO monitored from four MAX-DOAS stations installed in four megacities (Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Chongqing) were used to characterize their vertical distribution differences in four key regions, Jing–Jin–Ji (JJJ), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Sichuan Basin (SB), respectively. The normalized and yearly averaged aerosol vertical profiles below 400 m in JJJ and PRD exhibit a box shape and a Gaussian shape, respectively, and both show exponential shapes in YRD and SB. The NO2 vertical profiles in four regions all exhibit exponential shapes because of vehicle emissions. The shape of the HCHO vertical profile in JJJ and PRD was Gaussian, whereas an exponential shape was shown in YRD and SB. Moreover, a regional transport event occurred at an altitude of 600–1000 m was monitored in the southwest–northeast pathway of the North China Plain (NCP) by five MAX-DOAS stations (Shijiazhuang (SJZ), Wangdu (WD), Nancheng (NC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS)) belonging to the above network. The aerosol optical depths (AOD) in these five stations decreased in the order of SJZ > WD > NC > CAMS > UCAS. The short-distance regional transport of NO2 in the 700–900 m layer was monitored between WD and NC. As an important precursor of secondary aerosol, the peak of NO2 air mass in WD and NC all occurred 1 h earlier than that of aerosol. This was also observed for the short-distance regional transport of HCHO in the 700–900 m layer between NC and CAMS, which potentially affected the O3 concentration in Beijing. Finally, CAMS was selected as a typical site to determine the O3–NOx–volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensitivities in vertical space. We found the production of O3 changed from predominantly VOCs-limited conditions to mainly mixed VOCs–NOx-limited condition from the 0–100 m layer to the 200–300 m layer. In addition, the downward transport of O3 could contribute to the increase of ground surface O3 concentration. This ground-based hyperspectral stereoscopic remote sensing network provide a promising strategy to support management of PM2.5 and O3 and their precursors and conduct attribution of sources.
多轴差分吸收光谱仪 / 立体监测 / 区域传输 / 臭氧生成 / 控制策略
MAX-DOAS / Stereoscopic monitoring / Regional transport / Ozone production / Control strategy
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