地震超前探测方法是获取隧道前方复杂地质体结构的重要手段，对隧道工程的安全建设和灾害防治极为重要。针对目前隧道地震超前探测方法在获取掌子面前方地质体结构和物性参数时存在精度不足的问题，本文将高分辨率成像的声波频率域全波形反演方法应用于地震隧道超前探测，并研究了频率组选择策略以及观测系统对反演效果的影响，实现了隧道前方不良地质体的结构成像与物性反演。研究结果显示：本文基于常规频率域声波全波形反演的频率组选择策略，提出的覆盖垂直波数和抗混叠相结合的频率组选择策略，能够有效获得隧道前方地质体的空间结构和物性参数，并提高反演分辨率；本文通过线性增加隧道观测系统侧边长度，讨论不同隧道双边观测系统长度对反演成像的影响，得出侧边长度近似于掌子面宽度5 倍时反演效果最佳，超过该范围后继续增加侧边观测长度对反演结果影响可忽略；最后采用研究结果对复杂的多地层模型进行反演，得出掌子面前方复杂地层的准确结构形态和物性参数，验证了本文方法的可行性。

Tunnel seismic detection methods are effective for obtaining the geological structure around the tunnel face, which is critical for safe construction and disaster mitigation in tunnel engineering. However, there is often a lack of accuracy in the acquired geological information and physical properties ahead of the tunnel face in the current tunnel seismic detection methods. Thus, we apply a frequency-domain acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) method to obtain high-resolution results for the tunnel structure. We discuss the influence of the frequency group selection strategy and the tunnel observation system settings regarding the inversion results and determine the structural imaging and physical property parameter inversion of abnormal geological bodies ahead of the tunnel face. Based on the conventional strategies of frequency-domain acoustic FWI, we propose a frequency group selection strategy that combines a low-frequency selection covering the vertical wavenumber and a high-frequency selection of anti-aliasing. This strategy can effectively obtain the spatial structure and physical parameters of the geology ahead of the tunnel face and improve the inversion resolution. In addition, by linearly increasing the side length of the tunnel observation system, we share the influence of the length of the two sides of the observation systems of different tunnels on the inversion results. We determined that the inversion results are best when the side length is approximately five times the width of the tunnel face, and the influence of increasing the side observation length beyond this range on the inversion results can be ignored. Finally, based on this approach, we invert for the complex multi-stratum model, and an accurate structure and physical property parameters of the complex stratum ahead of the tunnel face are obtained, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method.