源于自然的纺丝——高性能生物基纤维的工程化制备及应用

工程（英文） ›› 2022, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (7) : 100 -112. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.030

研究论文

许宗溥 ^a^,^b ,
吴明瑞 ^a ,
叶琦 ^c ,
陈东 ^d ,
刘凯 ^e ,
柏浩 ^a

作者信息 +

Spinning from Nature: Engineered Preparation and Application of High-Performance Bio-Based Fibers

Zongpu Xu ^a^,^b ,
Mingrui Wu ^a ,
Qi Ye ^c ,
Dong Chen ^d ,
Kai Liu ^e ,
Hao Bai ^a

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

许多天然纤维具有轻质、高强、高韧的特点，其性能优势源于从分子到宏观尺度的多级结构。生产这些纤维的纺丝系统也非常高效，它们为研究人员利用人工纺丝制备高性能生物基纤维提供了诸多灵感。除了优异的力学性能，生物基纤维还被赋予一系列新功能，从而拓展了其在智能织物、电子传感、生物医学等领域的应用。本文概述了近年来生物基纤维的研究进展，详细讨论了不同的仿生纺丝方法、纤维的力学增强策略、纤维的多元化应用。同时，提出了重现天然纺丝系统及认识其动态纺丝过程中的挑战，并展望了生物基纤维的未来发展。

Abstract

Many natural fibers are lightweight and display remarkable strength and toughness. These properties originate from the fibers' hierarchical structures, assembled from the molecular to macroscopic scale. The natural spinning systems that produce such fibers are highly energy efficient, inspiring researchers to mimic these processes to realize robust artificial spinning. Significant developments have been achieved in recent years toward the preparation of high-performance bio-based fibers. Beyond excellent mechanical properties, bio-based fibers can be functionalized with a series of new features, thus expanding their sophisticated applications in smart textiles, electronic sensors, and biomedical engineering. Here, recent progress in the construction of bio-based fibers is outlined. Various bioinspired spinning methods, strengthening strategies for mechanically strong fibers, and the diverse applications of these fibers are discussed. Moreover, challenges in reproducing the mechanical performance of natural systems and understanding their dynamic spinning process are presented. Finally, a perspective on the development of biological fibers is given.