非常规油气的高效勘探开发已成为提高我国油气自给率的重要保障，但与常规油气和国外非常规油气相比，钻井中常遭遇的'井塌、井漏、高摩阻'和诱发的储层损害不仅影响成井率，更是'高成本、低产量与低效益'的重要原因。由特殊功能材料构成、可提高井壁质量的钻井液是解决这些难题的核心。但我国非常规油气储层条件具有复杂性、多变性和不确定性，国内外现有水基钻井液无法解决这些难题，油基钻井液虽具有一定优越性，但因环境污染风险和成本高等而使应用受限。近10 余年来，国内外热点研究具油基钻井液优点的水基钻井液，但都未取得突破性进展，其成为制约经济规模开发非常规油气的'共性与关键核心'重大技术难题。为此，本文由国际前沿仅提高钻井液自身抑制性和润滑性的外因法，拓展为同时随钻提高井壁质量的内外因结合法，并将仿生学引入石油工程化学材料合成领域，模仿海洋贻贝、猪笼草、蚯蚓等生物的生命活动、生物行为、组成与结构，利用研发的固壁剂、双疏抑制剂与键合润滑剂，研制了随钻提高井壁质量型保护储层钻完井液新技术。宏观和微观研究表明，该技术能减缓甚至阻止井壁岩石强度遭受破坏、岩石毛细管对水分的吸力反转为阻力、井壁高摩阻转变为超低摩阻，使水基钻井液的井壁稳定性、润滑性和储层保护效果超过典型油基钻井液；同时，废弃钻井液环境可接受，并可成为自然界植物的养分和生态循环系统中的一环，使其由环保型钻井液升级为生态型钻井液，实现了'成井率高、储层保护效果好、成本低、环境友好'一体化目标。该技术已在我国1000 余口高难度非常规油气井得到验证与推广应用，大幅缓减了'井塌、井漏、高摩阻'诱发的储层损害难题，平均井塌率减小82.6%、井漏发生率降低80.6%、摩阻复杂率降低80%以上、提速30%以上、油气井产量较以前提高1.5 倍以上。使原来必须使用油基钻井液方可完钻的井转变为水基钻井液完钻，已成为'规模、效益、环保'开发非常规油气资源行之有效的核心技术，并为保护储层技术开辟了新的研究方向，推动了石油工业与环境保护的协调发展；同时，本文通过向自然界学习成功建立了钻井液新技术，为石油工程原创性材料、技术与理论研发和创建提供了思想与灵感的不竭源泉。

The efficient exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas are critical for increasing the self-sufficiency of oil and gas supplies in China. However, such operations continue to face serious problems (e.g., borehole collapse, loss, and high friction), and associated formation damage can severely impact well completion rates, increase costs, and reduce efficiencies. Water-based drilling fluids possess certain advantages over oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) and may offer lasting solutions to resolve the aforementioned issues. However, a significant breakthrough with this material has not yet been made, and major technical problems continue to hinder the economic and large-scale development of unconventional oil and gas. Here, the international frontier external method, which only improves drilling fluid inhibition and lubricity, is expanded into an internal–external technique that improves the overall wellbore quality during drilling. Bionic technologies are introduced into the chemical material synthesis process to imitate the activity of life. A novel drilling and completion fluid technique was developed to improve wellbore quality during drilling and safeguard formation integrity. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses indicated that in terms of wellbore stability, lubricity, and formation protection, this approach could outperform methods that use typical OBDFs. The proposed method also achieves a classification upgrade from environmentally protective drilling fluid to an ecologically friendly drilling fluid. The developed technology was verified in more than 1000 unconventional oil and gas wells in China, and the results indicate significant alleviation of the formation damage attributed to borehole collapse, loss, and high friction. It has been recognized as an effective core technology for exploiting unconventional oil and gas resources. This study introduces a novel research direction for formation protection technology and demonstrates that observations and learning from the natural world can provide an inexhaustible source of ideas and inspire the creation of original materials, technologies, and theories for petroleum engineering.