组织工程与再生医学中与生物材料相关的细胞微环境
Biomaterial-Related Cell Microenvironment in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
本文讨论总结了影响细胞微环境的诸多因素，这是细胞生物学、生物材料、组织工程和再生医学领域的核心话题之一。细胞的微环境不仅包括细胞周围的可溶性因子和其他细胞，还包括细胞外基质和参与组织工程或再生过程中的任何生物材料。文中就生物材料相关的细胞微环境进行综述，主要从六个方面进行了梳理和介绍，分别为：材料的化学成分、材料的尺寸和结构、材料控制的细胞几何形状、材料的电荷对细胞的影响、材料基体刚度和生物力学微环境、材料的表面改性。
An appropriate cell microenvironment is key to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Revealing the factors that influence the cell microenvironment is a fundamental research topic in the fields of cell biology, biomaterials, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The cell microenvironment consists of not only its surrounding cells and soluble factors, but also its extracellular matrix (ECM) or nearby external biomaterials in tissue engineering and regeneration. This review focuses on six aspects of biomaterial-related cell microenvironments: ① chemical composition of materials, ② material dimensions and architecture, ③material-controlled cell geometry, ④effects of material charges on cells, ⑤ matrix stiffness and biomechanical microenvironment, and ⑥ surface modification of materials. The present challenges in tissue engineering are also mentioned, and eight perspectives are predicted.
组织工程 / 再生医学 / 生物材料 / 细胞微环境 / 多孔支架 / 表面图案化 / 细胞-材料相互作用
Tissue engineering / Regenerative medicine / Biomaterials / Cell microenvironment / Porous scaffold / Surface patterning / Cell-material interactions
| Chemical composition | Examples of regulation of cells and/or regeneration of tissues | |
|---|---|---|
| Polymer | Collagen | 3D cell culture [14]; Chondrogenic differentiation [15]; osteogenic differentiation [16]; tissue engineering scaffold (bladders [17], bone[18‒20], etc.) |
| Gelatin | Chondrocyte growth [21]; cartilage regeneration [22], ocular tissue engineering [23], etc.; drug and cell delivery [24] | |
| Chitosan | Schwann cells growth [25]; pelvic floor tissue repair [26]; 3D tissue growth [27] | |
| Silk | Sutures, surgical meshes, etc. [28‒29]; tissue-engineered ligament [30] | |
| Alginate | Incubating cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells [31]; blood vessel, bone or cartilage tissue engineering [32]; myocardial infarction treatment [33] | |
| Poly(lactide- co- glycolide) (PLGA) | Scaffolds for promoting cartilage [34‒35] or bone regeneration [36‒37] | |
| Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL) | Improving differentiation of stem cells [38]; engineered tissues (ear [39], bone[40], ligament [41], cartilage [42], etc.) | |
| Polyphosphazene (PPZ) | Regenerative engineering and drug delivery [43‒44] | |
| Inorganic material | Bioglass | Ostoclastogenesis inhibiting [45]; Bioactive bone inducing [46‒49] |
| Hydroxyapatite (HAp) | Nucleating on the implant surface and absorbing proteins to promote cell adhesion [50]; osteochondral differentiation of hmsc [51]; bone regeneration [52‒54] | |
| Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) | Bone tissue engineering [55‒58] | |
| Corrodible Metal | Magnesium; zinc; iron | Bone scaffold [59‒60]; cardiovascular stent [61‒62] |
| Bioderived material | Acellular ECM | Conversion of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced neuronal cells [63]; decalcified bone, acellular vessel, dermis, cardiac tissue engineering [64‒69] |
| Coral | Bone tissue engineering [70‒71] | |
| Composite materials | Polymer/inorganic/metal | Promoting cell proliferation and regulating the levels of growth factors [72]; bone reconstruction [73‒77]; reconstruction of tendon-to-bone insertion [78]; skin regeneration [79] |
| Metal-polymer composite stent (MPS) | Adjusting biodegradation and accelerating enthothelialization [61,80‒82] | |
| Bioactive substance | Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) | Bone regeneration [83‒85] |
| Transforming growth factor (TGF); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) | Vascularization [86‒87] | |
| Recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhegf) | Dedifferentiation of epidermal cells to stem cells [88] | |
| Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide | Cell adhesion [89‒94]; cell migration [95‒96]; cell differentiation [97‒98] | |
| Other peptide sequences | 3D cell culture, regulate the homing of mscs [99]; biomineralization, membrane protein stabilization, tissue engineering, etc. [100] | |
| Sirna | Regulation of gene function [101‒103] | |
| Some other small molecules | Glucosamine: promoting chondrocyte proliferation and viability [104]; deferoxamine: downregulating inflammation and promoting vascularization [105] | |
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