黄土高原典型流域淤地坝系泥沙拦截动态模拟

孙彭成, 吴一平

工程（英文） ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8) : 209-221.

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工程（英文） ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8) : 209-221. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.015
研究论文
Article

黄土高原典型流域淤地坝系泥沙拦截动态模拟

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Dynamic Modeling Framework of Sediment Trapped by Check-Dam Networks: A Case Study of a Typical Watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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摘要

淤地坝建设是黄土高原地区最具成效的水土保持措施之一，在全球水土流失严重地区也得到广泛应用。淤地坝拦沙的定量模拟是其效益评估的关键所在，也是区域淤地坝规划建设的重要基础。为此，本研究基于流域分布式水沙过程模拟，提出了流域淤地坝系拦沙量动态模拟框架：SWAT-DCDam (soil and water assessment tool-dynamic check dam)。在SWAT-DCDam框架中，新开发的DCDam模块以SWAT模型的模拟步长生成全流域淤地坝的动态级联结构，SWAT模型模拟的径流和输沙用来驱动DCDam模块，对流域内各淤地坝开展拦沙动态模拟。本研究以黄土高原中部延河流域为典型研究区，在分析流域淤地坝建设演变特征的基础上，模拟近60 年（1957—2016 年）流域淤地坝拦沙动态演变过程，采用累积淤积量野外调查数据评估了模型表现，并定量分析了坝系拦沙对流域减沙的贡献。结果表明，流域淤地坝结构特征发生趋势性变化，大型和中型淤地坝的坝体高度分别增加37.14%和9.22%，同时，大型和中型淤地坝的控制面积分别减少46.03%和10.56%。模型评估结果表明，SWAT-DCDam表现良好，对淤地坝累积淤积量高估11.5%。1970—2016 年间，淤地坝拦沙贡献延河流域总减沙量的15%。本研究成果可为区域水土流失综合治理和淤地坝规划建设提供方法与技术支持。

Abstract

Check-dam construction is an effective and widely used method for sediment trapping in the Yellow River Basin and other places over the world that are prone to severe soil erosion. Quantitative estimations of the dynamic sediment trapped by check dams are necessary for evaluating the effects of check dams and planning the construction of new ones. In this study, we propose a new framework, named soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)-dynamic check dam (DCDam), for modeling the sediment trapped by check dams dynamically, by integrating the widely utilized SWAT model and a newly developed module called DCDam. We then applied this framework to a typical loess watershed, the Yan River Basin, to assess the time-varying effects of check-dam networks over the past 60 years (1957-2016). The DCDam module generated a specific check-dam network to conceptualize the complex connections at each time step (monthly). In addition, the streamflow and sediment load simulated by using the SWAT model were employed to force the sediment routing in the check-dam network. The evaluation results revealed that the SWAT-DCDam framework performed satisfactorily, with an overestimation of 11.50%, in simulating sediment trapped by check dams, when compared with a field survey of the accumulated sediment deposition. For the Yan River Basin, our results indicated that the designed structural parameters of check dams have evolved over the past 60 years, with higher dams (37.14% and 9.22% increase for large dams and medium dams, respectively) but smaller controlled areas (46.03% and 10.56% decrease for large dams and medium dams, respectively) in recent years. Sediment retained by check dams contributed to approximately 15.00% of the total sediment load reduction in the Yan River during 1970-2016. Thus, our developed framework can be a promising tool for evaluating check-dam effects, and this study can provide valuable information and support to decision-making for soil and water conservation and check-dam planning and management.

关键词

淤地坝 / 淤地坝动态库容 / 黄土高原 / 淤地坝拦沙动态 / SWAT模型

Keywords

Check dams / Dynamic check dam (DCDam) / Loess Plateau / Sediment trapping / SWAT

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孙彭成, 吴一平. 黄土高原典型流域淤地坝系泥沙拦截动态模拟. Engineering. 2023, 27(8): 209-221 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.015

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