本文综述了近年来关于住宅建筑需求侧柔性的定义、柔性负荷及柔性量化方法方面的研究。首先，针对建筑需求侧柔性、运行柔性和能源柔性等不同的术语，进行了系统的比较和区分；其次，对住宅建筑主要柔性负荷的运行特性和柔性能力进行了总结和比较；再次，对柔性负荷的建模方法和柔性量化指标也进行了详细的综述和总结。最后，提出了当前建筑需求侧柔性领域存在的一些亟待解决的问题。研究结果表明当前针对住宅建筑需求侧柔性的研究主要以中央空调、储水式电热水器、湿电器、冰箱和照明为主，分别占现有研究的36.7%、25.7%、14.7%、9.2%和8.3%。这些柔性负荷在运行特性、使用频率和柔性能力
方面存在较大的差异，而对于它们实际的响应特性有待进一步研究。此外，本文给出了用于柔性负荷建模的白箱、灰箱和黑箱模型在不同应用场合下适用性的建议；对于柔性量化指标，现有研究主要从功率、时间、能量、效率、经济性和环保性等维度提出了大量的指标，但是缺少统一的柔性量化体系。本文能够帮助读者更好地理解建筑需求侧柔性、区分与柔性相关的不同的术语、了解住宅建筑不同柔性负荷的运行特性和柔性能力，同时也能为柔性负荷的建模和柔性量化的相关研究提供指导。

This paper reviews recent research on the demand flexibility of residential buildings in regard to definitions, flexible loads, and quantification methods. A systematic distinction of the terminology is made, including the demand flexibility, operation flexibility, and energy flexibility of buildings. A comprehensive definition of building demand flexibility is proposed based on an analysis of the existing definitions. Moreover, the flexibility capabilities and operation characteristics of the main residential flexible loads are summarized and compared. Models and evaluation indicators to quantify the flexibility of these flexible loads are reviewed and summarized. Current research gaps and challenges are identified and analyzed as well. The results indicate that previous studies have focused on the flexibility of central air conditioning, electric water heaters, wet appliances, refrigerators, and lighting, where the proportion of studies focusing on each of these subjects is 36.7%, 25.7%, 14.7%, 9.2%, and 8.3%, respectively. These flexible loads are different in running modes, usage frequencies, seasons, and capabilities for shedding, shifting, and modulation, while their response characteristics are not yet clear. Furthermore, recommendations are given for the application of white-, black-, and grey-box models for modeling flexible loads in different situations. Numerous static flexibility evaluation indicators that are based on the aspects of power, temporality, energy, efficiency, economics, and the environment have been proposed in previous publications, but a consensus and standardized evaluation framework is lacking. This review can help readers better understand building demand flexibility and learn about the characteristics of different residential flexible loads, while also providing suggestions for future research on the modeling techniques and evaluation metrics of residential building demand flexibility.