熔池特征对激光粉末床熔融（PBF）的打印质量有显著影响，打印参数和熔池尺寸的定量预测对LPBF中复杂过程的智能控制至关重要。然而由于高度非线性，打印参数和熔池尺寸的双向预测一直极具挑战。为了解决此问题，本工作融合典型实验、机理模型和深度学习研究激光PBF过程中关键参数和熔池特性的正向和逆向预测。实验提供基础数据，机理模型显著增强数据集，多层感知器（MLP）深度学习模型则根据实验和机理模型构建的数据集预测熔池尺寸和工艺参数。结果表明可以实现熔池尺寸和工艺参数的双向预测，最高预测准确率接近99.9%，平均预测准确率超过90.0%。此外，MLP模型的预测准确率与数据集的特征密切相关，即数据集的可学习性对预测准确率有至关重要的影响。通过机理模型增强数据集后的最高预测精度为97.3%，而仅使用实验数据集时的最高预测精度只有68.3%。MLP模型的预测准确率在很大程度上取决于数据集的质量。研究结果表明使用MLP进行复杂相关性的双向预测对于激光PBF是可行的，本工作为选定智能增材制造的工艺条件和结果提供了一个新颖而实用的框架。

Molten pool characteristics have a significant effect on printing quality in laser powder bed fusion (PBF), and quantitative predictions of printing parameters and molten pool dimensions are critical to the intelligent control of the complex processes in PBF. Thus far, bidirectional predictions of printing parameters and molten pool dimensions have been challenging due to the highly nonlinear correlations involved. To
address this issue, we integrate an experiment on molten pool characteristics, a mechanistic model, and deep learning to achieve both forward and inverse predictions of key parameters and molten pool characteristics during laser PBF. The experiment provides fundamental data, the mechanistic model significantly augments the dataset, and the multilayer perceptron (MLP) deep learning model predicts the molten pool dimensions and process parameters based on the dataset built from the experiment and the mechanistic model. The results show that bidirectional predictions of the molten pool dimensions and process parameters can be realized, with the highest prediction accuracies approaching 99.9% and mean prediction accuracies of over 90.0%. Moreover, the prediction accuracy of the MLP model is closely related to the characteristics of the dataset—that is, the learnability of the dataset has a crucial impact on the prediction accuracy. The highest prediction accuracy is 97.3% with enhancement of the dataset via the mechanistic model, while the highest prediction accuracy is 68.3% when using only the experimental dataset. The prediction accuracy of the MLP model largely depends on the quality of the dataset as well. The research results demonstrate that bidirectional predictions of complex correlations using MLP are feasible for laser PBF, and offer a novel and useful framework for the determination of process conditions and outcomes for intelligent additive manufacturing.