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基于相分离调控的多级纳米结构W-Cu 复合材料的构建及其性能
Chao Hou, Hao Lu, Zhi Zhao, Xintao Huang, Tielong Han, Junhua Luan, Zengbao Jiao, Xiaoyan Song, Zuoren Nie
工程（英文） ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (7) : 173-184.
PDF(4775 KB)
PDF(4775 KB)
基于相分离调控的多级纳米结构W-Cu 复合材料的构建及其性能
Performance of a Hierarchically Nanostructured W–Cu Composite Produced via Mediating Phase Separation
采用相分离调控技术解决了粉末冶金制备纳米结构钨铜（W-Cu）复合材料的难题。以铝（Al）作为媒介体，通过缓慢的异步相分离制备出具有多级纳米结构（HN）的W-Cu 复合材料。该复合材料不仅包含由Cu相和W-Cu 纳米结构组成的双重网络，在W基体中还弥散分布着体心立方结构的含Al 纳米颗粒。与
本征W/Cu界面相比，Al 调制的W/Cu界面和共格W/含Al 颗粒界面可有效转移电子并且产生电子间强耦合作用，使得界面具有更低的能量和更高的键合强度。由于具有大量的稳定异质界面以及界面的“自锁”结构，HN W-Cu 复合材料表现出优异的抵抗塑性变形能力。该复合材料的硬度和压缩强度显著优于其他烧结制备的具有相同Cu含量的W-Cu 复合材料。在往复滑动载荷作用下，高化学活性的Al 可避免基体过度氧化，由摩擦作用转变的表层结构具有良好的硬度和韧性匹配，因此表现出优异的耐磨性。本研究为不互溶组元金属基复合材料的结构设计、界面调控以及服役性能提升提供了一种新的策略。
The challenge of fabricating nanostructured W–Cu composites by powder metallurgy has been solved by means of modulated phase separation. A hierarchically nanostructured (HN) W–Cu composite was prepared using intermediary Al through sluggish asynchronous phase separation. In addition to a dual network composed of a Cu phase and the W–Cu nanostructure, dense Al-containing nanoprecipitates with a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure are distributed in the W matrix. Compared with a pristine W/Cu interface, the newly formed W/Cu interfaces modulated by Al and the coherent W/Al-containing particle interfaces possess lower energy and enhanced bonding strength due to efficient electron transfer and strong coupling interactions. With a large number of stable heterogeneous interfaces and a ″self-locking″ geometry, the HN W–Cu composite exhibits excellent resistance against plastic deformation. The combination of the presented composite's hardness and compressive strength outperforms all other sintered W–Cu composites with the same Cu content. Under a reciprocating sliding load, the reactive Al prevents excessive oxidation. The excellent synergy of the hardness and toughness of the friction-induced surface endows the HN composite with high abrasion resistance. This study provides a new strategy to modulate the structure and energy state of interfaces in metallic composites containing immiscible components in order to achieve high mechanical performance.
不互溶组元复合材料 / 相分离 / 纳米结构 / 力学性能 / 界面调控
Immiscible-component composite / Phase separation / Nanostructure / Mechanical properties / Interface modulation
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