纯电动轮边驱动拖拉机可降低排放并且提高作业效率

温昌凯, 任雯, 祝清震, 赵春江, 罗振豪, 张胜利, 谢斌, 孟志军

工程（英文） ›› 2024, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6) : 247-263.

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工程（英文） ›› 2024, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6) : 247-263. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.026
研究论文
Article

纯电动轮边驱动拖拉机可降低排放并且提高作业效率

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Reducing Operation Emissions and Improving Work Efficiency Using a Pure Electric Wheel Drive Tractor

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摘要

针对传统柴油拖拉机田间作业温室气体与颗粒物排放过大以及牵引效率低下的问题，研究了一种纯电动轮边驱动拖拉机，其中包括电机驱动系统、电池移动系统以及电液悬挂系统。该研究搭建了复杂土壤条件下的电动拖拉机犁耕机组动力学模型，提出了驱动轮转矩主动控制方法、基于电池移位的前后轴荷主动控制方法以及悬挂系统牵引力-前后轴荷联合控制方法。最终，该研究试制、组装完成了此纯电动拖拉机，并开展了犁耕机组田间作业试验。犁耕作业结果表明，相比于平均转矩分配模式，本研究提出的主动转矩分配控制方法使拖拉机滑转率降低了14.83%，牵引效率提高了10.28%。相比于常规牵引力控制模式，本文提出的牵引力-压载联合控制方法使拖拉机的牵引效率提高了3.7%，滑转率下降了15.05%，驱动电机总能耗降低了4.9%。本研究将有助于提高复杂土壤条件下电动拖拉机机组作业质量与牵引效率。

Abstract

In response to the problems of excessive greenhouse-gas and particulate emissions and the low traction efficiency of conventional diesel tractors in the field, a purely electric wheel-side drive tractor was studied, including an electric motor drive system, a battery ballast system, and an electro-hydraulic suspension system. This paper develops a dynamics model of an electric tractor-ploughing unit under complex soil conditions, leading to the proposal of an active control method for drive wheel torque and a joint control method for the traction force of the suspension system and the front- and rear-axle loads of a tractor. Finally, the tractor is prototyped and assembled, and ploughing tests are carried out. The ploughing results show that the active torque-distribution control method proposed in this study reduces the tractor slip by 14.83% and increases the traction efficiency by 10.28% compared with the average torque-distribution mode. Compared with the conventional traction control mode, the joint control method for traction and ballast proposed in this paper results in a 3.7% increase in traction efficiency, a 15.05% decrease in slip, and a 4.9% reduction in total drive motor energy consumption. This study will help to improve the operation quality and traction efficiency of electric tractors in complex soil conditions.

关键词

电动拖拉机 / 犁耕机组 / 转矩分配 / 主动压载 / 牵引性能

Keywords

Electric tractor / Ploughing unit / Torque distribution / Active ballast / Traction performance

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温昌凯, 任雯, 祝清震. 一种可降低排放并且提高作业效率的纯电动轮边驱动拖拉机. Engineering. 2024, 37(6): 247-263 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.026

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