利用ALOS PALSAR图像测量赤道电离层闪烁

Yifei Ji, Zhen Dong, Yongsheng Zhang, Feixiang Tang, Wenfei Mao, Haisheng Zhao, Zhengwen Xu, Qingjun Zhang, Bingji Zhao, Heli Gao

工程（英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 70-85.

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工程（英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 70-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.027
研究论文
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利用ALOS PALSAR图像测量赤道电离层闪烁

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Equatorial Ionospheric Scintillation Measurement in Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array-Type L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Observations

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摘要

电离层闪烁导致的幅度条纹在先进陆地观测卫星（ALOS ）相位阵列提质L波段合成孔径雷达（PALSAR）的许多赤道午夜观测结果中呈现。这种电离层现象会妨碍PALSAR干涉和极化测量应用，当前已针对其形成机理、形状以及“消极”影响展开了深入研究，但这种现象同时为发现和测量电离层闪烁提供了一种“积极”途径。本文提出了一种基于PASLAR幅度条纹图像的电离层闪烁测量方法：（1）子孔径处理有助于恢复单视复图像中被“虚化”的条纹，通过对子孔径图像的频域带阻滤波处理可提取幅度条纹样式；（2）基于提取的幅度条纹样式，可估计幅度功率谱密度函数（SDF）；（3）对长波数区域（低频区域）的估计和理论SDF进行拟合，即可得到闪烁强度CkL和谱指数p；（4）另一关键参数，闪烁指数S4既可以直接从幅度条纹样式中计算得到，也可以利用闪烁强度CkL和谱指数p的测量结果间接推导得到。利用两组PALSAR幅度条纹图像对所提方法进行了充分的验证，通过对比直接测量和间接推导S4以及对比距离线和方位线测量结果实现了利用SAR数据自身的验证，通过对比PALSAR与实际GPS测量结果实现了交叉验证。处理结果表明，所提方法具备从空间对电离层闪烁参数实现稳健的、高分辨测量。

Abstract

Amplitude stripes imposed by ionospheric scintillation have been frequently observed in many of the equatorial nighttime acquisitions of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR). This type of ionospheric artifact impedes PALSAR interferometric and polarimetric applications, and its formation cause, morphology, and negative influence have been deeply investigated. However, this artifact can provide an alternative opportunity in a positive way for probing and measuring ionosphere scintillation. In this paper, a methodology for measuring ionospheric scintillation parameters from PALSAR images with amplitude stripes is proposed. Firstly, sublook processing is beneficial for recovering the scattered stripes from a single-look complex image; the amplitude stripe pattern is extracted via band-rejection filtering in the frequency domain of the sublook image. Secondly, the amplitude spectrum density function (SDF) is estimated from the amplitude stripe pattern. Thirdly, a fitting scheme for measuring the scintillation strength and spectrum index is conducted between the estimated and theoretical long-wavelength SDFs. In addition, another key parameter, the scintillation index, can be directly measured from the amplitude stripe pattern or indirectly derived from the scintillation strength and spectrum index. The proposed methodology is fully demonstrated on two groups of PALSAR acquisitions in the presence of amplitude stripes. Self-validation is conducted by comparing the measured and derived scintillation index and by comparing the measurements of range lines and azimuth lines. Cross-validation is performed by comparing the PALSAR measurements with in situ Global Position System (GPS) measurements. The processing results demonstrate a powerful capability to robustly measure ionospheric scintillation parameters from space with high spatial resolution.

关键词

合成孔径雷达 / 电离层探测 / 电离层闪烁 / 幅度条纹 / GPS电离层测量

Keywords

Synthetic aperture radar / Ionospheric sounding / Ionospheric scintillation / Amplitude stripes / Global Position System ionospheric measurement

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Yifei Ji, Zhen Dong, Yongsheng Zhang. 利用ALOS PALSAR图像测量赤道电离层闪烁. Engineering. 2025, 47(4): 70-85 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.027

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