加压富氧燃烧过程中多污染物的生成与控制——硫氧化物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和汞

戴高峰, 张嘉烨, Zia ur Rahman, 张宇峰, 张伊黎, Milan Vujanović, Hrvoje Mikulčić, Nebojsa Manić, Aneta Magdziarz, 谭厚章, Richard L. Axelbaum, 王学斌

工程（英文） ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8) : 127-153.

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工程（英文） ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8) : 127-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.005
研究论文
Review

加压富氧燃烧过程中多污染物的生成与控制——硫氧化物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和汞

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Multi-Pollutant Formation and Control in Pressurized Oxy-Combustion: SOx, NOx, Particulate Matter, and Mercury

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摘要

富氧燃烧是一种前景广阔的碳捕集技术，但常压富氧燃烧的净发电效率相对较低，限制了其在发电厂中的应用。在加压富氧燃烧系统中，空气分离装置、锅炉、烟气再循环装置以及二氧化碳净化和压缩装置均在加压下运行，这使得该技术效率更高，与常压富氧燃烧相比具有许多优势，如氮氧化物排放量低、锅炉体积小等。加压富氧燃烧在工业应用方面更有前景，近年来引起了广泛的研究，它可以产生纯度约为95%的高压二氧化碳，能够直接用于提高石油采收率或地质封存，然而，其污染物排放必须符合碳捕集、封存和利用的标准。由于加压富氧燃烧中的氧气和水分浓度较高，通过硫氧化物和氮氧化物的氧化和溶解形成的酸会增加，加剧管道和设备的腐蚀。此外，颗粒物和汞排放也会危害环境和人类健康。加压富氧燃烧与常压富氧燃烧的主要区别在于前者的压力较高，因此，必须了解压力对加压富氧燃烧过程中硫氧化物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和汞排放的影响，并采用有效的控制方法减少这些污染物的生成。本文综述了有关加压富氧燃烧系统中硫氧化物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和汞的生成与控制研究的最新进展，有助于实现加压富氧燃烧系统污染物的高效控制。

Abstract

Oxy-combustion is a promising carbon-capture technology, but atmospheric-pressure oxy-combustion has a relatively low net efficiency, limiting its application in power plants. In pressurized oxy-combustion (POC), the boiler, air separation unit, flue gas recirculation unit, and C O 2 purification and compression unit are all operated at elevated pressure; this makes the process more efficient, with many advantages over atmospheric pressure, such as low N O x emissions, a smaller boiler size, and more. POC is also more promising for industrial application and has attracted widespread research interest in recent years. It can produce high-pressure C O 2 with a purity of approximately 95 %, which can be used directly for enhanced oil recovery or geo-sequestration. However, the pollutant emissions must meet the standards for carbon capture, storage, and utilization. Because of the high oxygen and moisture concentrations in POC, the formation of acids via the oxidation and solution of S O x and N O x can be increased, causing the corrosion of pipelines and equipment. Furthermore, particulate matter (PM) and mercury emissions can harm the environment and human health. The main distinction between pressurized and atmospheric-pressure oxy-combustion is the former’s elevated pressure; thus, the effect of this pressure on the pollutants emitted from P O C -including S O x , N O x , P M, and mercury-must be understood, and effective control methodologies must be incorporated to control the formation of these pollutants. This paper reviews recent advances in research on S O x , N O x , P M, and mercury formation and control in POC systems that can aid in pollutant control in such systems.

关键词

加压富氧燃烧 / 硫氧化物 / 氮氧化物 / 颗粒物 / 汞 / 直接接触冷凝管 / 碳捕集与封存

Keywords

Pressurized oxy-combustion / Sulfur oxides / Nitrogen oxides / Particulate matter / Mercury / Direct contact cooler / Carbon capture and sequestration

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戴高峰, 张嘉烨, Zia ur Rahman. 加压富氧燃烧过程中多污染物的生成与控制——硫氧化物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和汞. Engineering. 2024, 39(8): 127-153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.005

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