面向未来的石油化工产业

张耀, 邢恩会, 韩伟, 杨攀峰, 张松, 刘苏, 曹东学, 李明丰

工程（英文） ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12) : 99-114.

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工程（英文） ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12) : 99-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.017
研究论文
Perspective

面向未来的石油化工产业

作者信息 +

Petrochemical Industry for the Future

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History +

摘要

化石能源为人类文明的演进提供了重要的能量和物质基础。随着人类对能源需求由高碳向低碳、无碳过渡，交通能源的结构发生革命性变化，化石能源的能源属性将逐渐减弱，物质属性将逐渐增强，石油化工的加工基础、科学理念和思路将发生重大调整，石油化工工业将得到高度重塑。在此背景下，本研究尝试站在历史的角度去重新审视石油化工的演化规律，理清历史成因、发展脉络及在未来发展中可能面临的挑战，并从能量和物质的科学本质出发构建了基于简化工程思维的石油化工路径。本文认为，以石油等为原料，以一氧化碳（CO）为目标产品的新型气化技术和以精准合成化学品为目标的新型碳一化学将成为重要的平台技术并发挥至关重要的作用，在现有石油化工的基础上，通过分阶段、分步骤构建基于新型定向气化和高效碳一化学相结合的新型石油化工至简路径，能够实现碳原子（C原子）的精准管控，大幅度提升原子利用效率，降低分离强度、能量消耗和碳排放，是提升原料的可获得性、工艺可持续性和建设标准化的潜在最优解，将在重塑人类现代石油化工体系，实现石油化工低碳、净零发展中发挥重要作用。

Abstract

Petroleum has played a vital role as the major supplier of materials and energy during the evolution of human civilization. Given the change in demand for energy from high to low carbon and ultimately net zero carbon, the energy framework has undergone revolutionary changes. The energy attribute of petroleum will be gradually weakened, while the material and CO2 emission attributes will be gradually strengthened. Thus, the petrochemical processing basis, scientific concepts, and ideas will undergo major adjustments to reshape the petrochemical industry. Hence, it is necessary to reconsider the evolution of the petrochemical industry from a historical perspective and to clarify the historical causes, development contexts, and possible challenges in future development. Herein, we critically reassess the key drivers and rules guiding the development of the petrochemical industry and propose a reconstruction strategy based on simplified engineering thinking, innate nature of energy and material, and CO2 emissions, which can be realized through the integration of gasification with CO as the target product and recent C1 chemistry targeting the precise synthesis of chemicals. The concept of the petrochemical industry will change from the product-based process of selection and transformation of raw material molecules to the process of carbon atom reconfiguration driven by product CO2 emissions. More accurate management of C atoms can be accomplished with greatly improved utilization efficiency and the reduction of separation intensity and CO2 emissions via the stepwise introduction of a new approach in the current petrochemical industry.

关键词

石油化工 / 炼油 / 碳排放 / 气化 / C1化学 / 重构 /

Keywords

Reconstruction / Petrochemical industry / Refining / CO2 emissions / Gasification technology / C1 chemistry / Net zero emissions

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张耀, 邢恩会, 韩伟. 面向未来的石油化工产业. Engineering. 2024, 43(12): 99-114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.017

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