强化人工湿地低C/N比反硝化——基于电子利用的碳代谢分配重塑分析

石弘弢, 冯骁驰, 肖子杰, 姜辰仪, 王文倩, 曾溱瑶, 杨博文, 司麒石, 吴清莲, 任南琪

工程（英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2) : 222-233.

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工程（英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2) : 222-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.020
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强化人工湿地低C/N比反硝化——基于电子利用的碳代谢分配重塑分析

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Enhanced Denitrification in Constructed Wetlands with Low Carbon/Nitrogen Ratios: Insights into Reallocation of Carbon Metabolism Based on Electron Utilization

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摘要

人工湿地（CWs）是一种颇具前景的深度净化污水处理厂（WWTPs）出水的方法。然而，进水的低碳氮比（C/N）会抑制人工湿地中的反硝化作用，导致湿地系统脱氮效率不佳。本研究通过对比传统人工湿地（对照组）、生物炭强化湿地（BC组）及β-环糊精功能化生物炭改良湿地（BC@β-CD组）的运行效能，系统解析低C/N比条件下人工湿地氮素转化强化机制。研究中发现，BC@β-CD组人工湿地脱氮效率最佳。当进水C/N比分别为4和2时，该组人工湿地的脱氮率相较于对照组和BC组湿地分别提升45.89%和42.48%，同时温室气体一氧化二氮排放量分别显著降低70.57%和85.45%。宏基因组和酶学分析结果表明，BC@β-CD作为基质填料通过协同促进功能微生物碳代谢和提高反硝化酶活性来增强脱氮效果，且不会影响人工湿地中的微生物物种多样性。结构方程模型结果证实，BC@β-CD主要通过提升烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）脱氢酶活性和电子传递系统（ETS）运行效率，实现反硝化微生物高效胞内电子合成及传输，从而使得更多碳代谢产生的电子流用于支持反硝化脱氮作用。本研究结果表明，在人工湿地中应用BC@β-CD作为基质填料能够优化脱氮过程中碳代谢产生电子的利用效率，是在低C/N比条件下增强人工湿地深度脱氮的可行策略。

Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a promising method to treat effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios of the influent inhibit denitrification in CWs, resulting in poor nitrogen removal efficiency. Herein, we compared traditional (control), biochar (BC), and β-cyclodextrin-functionalized biochar (BC@β-CD) CW systems to investigate nitrogen removal from influent with low C/N ratios, and the mechanisms that enhance this process. The highest nitrogen removal rates were observed in the BC@β-CD group, with rates 45.89% and 42.48% higher than those of the control, accompanied by a 70.57% and 85.45% decrease in nitrous oxide release, when the C/N ratio decreased from 4 to 2, respectively. Metagenomic and enzymatic analyses indicated that BC@β-CD enhances nitrogen removal by coordinately promoting carbon metabolism and increasing denitrification enzyme activities, without affecting microbial species diversity in CWs. Structural equation modeling confirmed that the foremost advantages of BC@β-CD were effective electron generation and transportation resulting from increased activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase and the electron transfer system (ETS), thereby strategically reallocating more carbon metabolic flow to support denitrification. Our results show that the application of BC@β-CD in CWs to optimize the reallocation of electrons from carbon metabolism is a feasible strategy to enhance denitrification under low C/N conditions.

关键词

人工湿地 / β-环糊精 / 生物炭 / 氮素去除 / 碳代谢 / 电子传递

Keywords

Constructed wetland / β-Cyclodextrin / Biochar / Nitrogen removal / Carbon metabolism / Electron transfer efficiency

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石弘弢, 冯骁驰, 肖子杰. 强化人工湿地低C/N比反硝化——基于电子利用的碳代谢分配重塑分析. Engineering. 2025, 45(2): 222-233 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.020

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