^aLeibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Dresden 01217, Germany

^bSchool of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

^cIntegrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands

^dDTU Sustain, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark

^eCollege of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

^fSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK