全谱段多模态机载成像光谱仪AMMIS——仪器设计、性能测试和高空间分辨率对地观测的应用

Jianxin Jia, Yueming Wang, Xiaorou Zheng, Liyin Yuan, Chunlai Li, Yi Cen, Fuqi Si, Gang Lv, Chongru Wang, Shengwei Wang, Changxing Zhang, Dong Zhang, Daogang He, Xiaoqiong Zhuang, Guicheng Han, Mingyang Zhang, Juha Hyyppä, Jianyu Wang

工程（英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 38-56.

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工程（英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 38-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.001
研究论文
Article

全谱段多模态机载成像光谱仪AMMIS——仪器设计、性能测试和高空间分辨率对地观测的应用

作者信息 +

Design, Performance, and Applications of AMMIS: A Novel Airborne Multimodular Imaging Spectrometer for High-Resolution Earth Observations

Author information +
History +

摘要

机载高光谱成像光谱仪在过去四十年中广泛应用于地球观测。然而，传统推帚式高光谱成像仪在观测视场和波长覆盖方面存在局限性。本文详细介绍了全谱段多模态机载成像光谱仪（AMMIS），其光谱探测范围覆盖紫外、可见光近红外、短波红外和热红外波段。作为中国高分专项航空观测的重要组成部分，AMMIS主要服务于民用领域并用于验证未来星载高光谱载荷的关键技术。自2016年以来，AMMIS已在运5、运12和神舟60等机载平台上完成了30多次飞行任务，累计获取了超过200TB的高光谱数据。本文详细阐述了AMMIS的系统设计、定标技术、性能测试、飞行任务及应用实例。AMMIS系统集成了紫外、可见光近红外、短波红外和热红外模块，这些模块可根据任务需求单独或组合操作完成航飞实验。每个模块包括三个光谱仪，利用视场拼接技术实现了40°视场角，从而显著提高了作业效率。特别为热红外模块设计的光学系统，采用低温光学技术，确保系统温度稳定在100K。通过实验室和飞行测试相结合的定标方法，进一步提高了预处理精度。AMMIS的光谱数据覆盖超过1400个波段，紫外、可见光近红外、短波红外和热红外的光谱采样间隔分别为0.1 nm、2.4 nm、3 nm和32 nm，瞬时视场角分别为0.5、0.25、0.5和1 mrad。其中，可见光近红外模块在高分辨率模式下瞬时视场角可以达到0.125 mrad。本文还展示了AMMIS在土地覆盖分类调查、污染气体检测、矿产勘查、沿海水深检测和植被等方面的应用成果，证明其性能达到国际领先水平。此外，本文提供了基于AMMMIS采集的三个多场景分布的高光谱数据集，为高光谱人工智能算法的开发提供数据支持。本研究为下一代机载和星载高光谱载荷的发展奠定了基础，并为高光谱传感器设计和数据用户提供了技术参考。

Abstract

Airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometers have been used for Earth observation over the past four decades. Despite the high sensitivity of push-broom hyperspectral imagers, they experience limited swath and wavelength coverage. In this study, we report the development of a push-broom airborne multimodular imaging spectrometer (AMMIS) that spans ultraviolet (UV), visible near-infrared (VNIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) wavelengths. As an integral part of China’s High-Resolution Earth Observation Program, AMMIS is intended for civilian applications and for validating key technologies for future spaceborne hyperspectral payloads. It has been mounted on aircraft platforms such as Y-5, Y-12, and XZ-60. Since 2016, AMMIS has been used to perform more than 30 flight campaigns and gather more than 200 TB of hyperspectral data. This study describes the system design, calibration techniques, performance tests, flight campaigns, and applications of the AMMIS. The system integrates UV, VNIR, SWIR, and TIR modules, which can be operated in combination or individually based on the application requirements. Each module includes three spectrometers, utilizing field-of-view (FOV) stitching technology to achieve a 40° FOV, thereby enhancing operational efficiency. We designed advanced optical systems for all modules, particularly for the TIR module, and employed cryogenic optical technology to maintain optical system stability at 100 K. Both laboratory and in-flight calibrations were conducted to improve preprocessing accuracy and produce high-quality hyperspectral data. The AMMIS features more than 1400 spectral bands, with spectral sampling intervals of 0.1 nm for UV, 2.4 nm for VNIR, 3 nm for SWIR, and 32 nm for TIR. In addition, the instantaneous fields of view (IFoVs) for the four modules were 0.5, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mrad, respectively, with the VNIR module achieving an IFoV of 0.125 mrad in the high-spatial-resolution mode. This study reports on land-cover surveys, pollution gas detection, mineral exploration, coastal water detection, and plant investigations conducted using AMMIS, highlighting its excellent performance. Furthermore, we present three hyperspectral datasets with diverse scene distributions and categories suitable for developing artificial intelligence algorithms. This study paves the way for next-generation airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral payloads and serves as a valuable reference for hyperspectral sensor designers and data users.

关键词

人工智能 / 推扫型高光谱成像仪 / 高空间分辨率 / 低温光学技术 / 对地观测

Keywords

Artificial intelligence / Push-broom hyperspectral imager / High spatial resolution / Cryogenic optical technology / Earth observations

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Jianxin Jia, Yueming Wang, Xiaorou Zheng. 全谱段多模态机载成像光谱仪AMMIS——仪器设计、性能测试和高空间分辨率对地观测的应用. Engineering. 2025, 47(4): 38-56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.001

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