二氧化碳地质封存系统的腐蚀与材料失效评述
Corrosion and Material Degradation in Geological CO2 Storage: A Critical Review
目前,碳捕集与封存(CCS)是唯一成熟且已商业化的减少温室气体排放的技术,它高效且经济,能显著且即时地影响地球大气中的CO2浓度。值得注意的是,由于对地表生态环境影响小、安全性高,捕集CO2的长期地质封存已成为主要的储存方式。在超临界CO2封存环境中,钢套管腐蚀和水泥劣化可能会破坏井筒的完整性,导致封存的CO2发生泄漏。本文旨在通过深入考察和分析相关环境、运行条件及腐蚀相关领域内的研究现状,建立CO2地质封存中腐蚀与材料劣化的知识基础。本文阐述了CO2在注入和封存过程中处于超临界状态时的物理和化学性质,介绍了CO2地质封存的原理、封存系统建设的考量因素,以及涉及含水介质和微生物群落的独特地质-生物-化学环境。在全面分析现有CO2封存腐蚀研究成果(包括腐蚀机理、参数影响和腐蚀速率测量)的基础上,本文指出了技术空白,并提出了CO2地质封存系统中钢材腐蚀进一步研究的潜在方向。
At present, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the only mature and commercialized technology capable of effectively and economically reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a significant and immediate impact on the CO2 level on Earth. Notably, long-term geological storage of captured CO2 has emerged as a primary storage method, given its minimal impact on surface ecological environments and high level of safety. The integrity of CO2 storage wellbores can be compromised by the corrosion of steel casings and degradation of cement in supercritical CO2 storage environments, potentially leading to the leakage of stored CO2 from the sites. This critical review endeavors to establish a knowledge foundation for the corrosion and materials degradation associated with geological CO2 storage through an in-depth examination and analysis of the environments, operation, and the state-of-the-art progress in research pertaining to the topic. This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of CO2 in its supercritical phase during injection and storage. It then introduces the principle of geological CO2 storage, considerations in the construction of storage systems, and the unique geo–bio–chemical environment involving aqueous media and microbial communities in CO2 storage. After a comprehensive analysis of existing knowledge on corrosion in CO2 storage, including corrosion mechanisms, parametric effects, and corrosion rate measurements, this review identifies technical gaps and puts forward potential avenues for further research in steel corrosion within geological CO2 storage systems.
CO2地质封存 / 超临界CO2 / 地质-生物-化学环境 / 腐蚀 / 水泥劣化
Geological CO2 storage / Supercritical CO2 / Geo–bio–chemical environments / Corrosion / Cement degradation
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