[1] Leslie M.Amid uncertainty for US nuclear power, Three Mile Island shuts down. Engineering 2020;6:4-5.
[2] Kearney L. US nuclear regulator kicks off review on Three Mile Island restart [Internet]. London: Reuters; 2024 Oct 25 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/us-nuclear-regulator-hears-three-mile-island-power-plant-restart-plan-2024-10-25/.
[3] Plumer B. Three Mile Island plans to reopen as demand for nuclear power grows [Internet]. New York City: The New York Times; 2024 Sep 20 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/20/climate/three-mile-island-reopening.html.
[4] Crownhart C. Why Microsoft made a deal to help restart Three Mile Island [Internet]. Cambridge: MIT Technology Review; 2024 Sep 26 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/09/26/1104516/three-mile-island-microsoft/?truid=c337f9018c6147a6190e95d52f2d89a9.
[5] Leslie M.Artificial intelligence, like cryptocurrency, eats energy—lots of it. Engineering 2024;32:7-9.
[6] Waltz E. Big tech backs small nuclear [Internet]. New York City: IEEE Spectrum; 2024 Dec 10 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://spectrum.ieee.org/nuclear-powered-data-center.
[7] Backgrounder on the Three Mile Island nuclear accident [Internet]. Washington, DC: United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 2024 Mar 28 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle.html.
[8] 2024 United States data center energy usage report. Report. Berkeley: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 2024.
[9] Hiller J, Blunt K. Inside the audacious plan to reopen Three Mile Island's nuclear plant [Internet]. New York City: Wall Street Journal; 2024 Nov 10 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/business/energy-oil/three-mile-island-nuclear-plant-reopen-7accde1f.
[10] Hutchinson D. Meta's planned Louisiana data center fuels pollution worries (1) [Internet]. New York City: Bloomberg Law; 2024 Dec 10 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/metas-planned-louisiana-data-center-fuels-pollution-worries.
[11] Brumfiel G. Artificial intelligence wants to go nuclear. Will it work? [Internet]. Washington, DC: NPR; 2024 Dec 9 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.npr.org/2024/12/09/nx-s1-5171063/artificial-intelligence-wants-to-go-nuclear-will-it-work.
[12] Williams Z. NY bill would curb soaring energy use of AI data centers [Internet]. New York City: Bloomberg Law; 2024 Dec 23 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/ny-bill-would-curb-soaring-energy-use-of-ai-data-centers.
[13] Calma J. Google's future data centers will be built next to solar and wind farms [Internet]. New York City: The Verge; 2024 Dec 10 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from:https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/10/24317888/googles-data-center-solar-wind-renewable-energy-intersect-partnership.
[14] Moseman A. Amazon vies for nuclear-powered data center [Internet]. New York City: IEEE Spectrum; 2024 Dec 12 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://spectrum.ieee.org/amazon-data-center-nuclear-power.
[15] Japan's nuclear power plants in2024 [Internet]. Tokyo: Nippon.com; 2024 Nov 1 [cited2025Jan1].Availablefrom:https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h02183/.
[16] Nuclear power in Japan [Internet]. London: World Nuclear Association; 2024 Dec 18 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/japan-nuclear-power.
[17] Backgrounder on decommissioning nuclear power plants [Internet]. Washington, DC: United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 2022 Oct 17 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/decommissioning.html.
[18] Moseman A. How to restart a nuclear reactor [Internet]. New York City: IEEE Spectrum; 2024 Oct 2 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://spectrum.ieee.org/three-mile-island.
[19] Kearney L. Three Mile Island nuclear plant gears up for big tech reboot [Internet]. London: Reuters; 2024 Oct 22 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/three-mile-island-nuclear-plant-gears-up-big-tech-reboot-2024-10-22/.
[20] Greshko M. Nuclear power for AI: what it will take to reopen Three Mile Island safely [Internet]. London: Nature; 2024 Sep 30 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03162-2.
[21] McDevittR.ThreeMileIslandownerlaysoutreopeningtimelineinpublichearing [Internet]. Harrisburg: StateImpact Pennsylvania; 2024 Oct 25 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Availablefrom: https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2024/10/25/three-mile-island-owner-lays-out-reopening-timeline-in-public-hearing/.
[22] Meyer D. Big tech is the nuclear industry's new best friend: Amazon, Microsoft and Google rush to sign deals [Internet]. New York City: Fortune; 2024 Nov 21 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://fortune.com/2024/11/21/tech-nuclear-energy-google-microsoft-amazon-ai/.
[23] Leslie M.Geothermal power potential heats up. Engineering 2024;43:14-6.
[24] Decommissioning nuclear reactors is a long-term and costly process [Internet]. Washington, DC: Today in Energy; 2017 Nov 17 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=33792#:~:text=Since%202013%2C%20six%20commercial%20nuclear,stages%20of%20the%20decommissioning%20process.
[25] Bright Z. After Vogtle, what's next for nuclear? [Internet]. Washington, DC: E&E News by Politico; 2024 Apr 30 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.eenews.net/articles/after-vogtle-whats-next-for-nuclear/.
[26] Leslie M.Are small reactors nuclear power's next big thing? Engineering 2020;6:210-2.
[27] Gardner T. Google to buy power for AI needs from small modular nuclear reactor company Kairos [Internet]. London: Reuters; 2024 Oct 14 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/google-buy-power-small-modular-nuclear-reactor-company-kairos-ai-needs-2024-10-14/.
[28] Kimball S. Oracle is designing a data center that would be powered by three small nuclear reactors [Internet]. New York City: CNBC; 2024 Sep 10 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2024/09/10/oracle-is-designing-a-data-center-that-would-be-powered-by-three-small-nuclear-reactors.html.
[29] Conover E. Tech companies want small nuclear reactors. Here's how they'd work [Internet]. Washington, DC: Science News; 2024 Oct 23 [cited 2025 Jan 1]. Available from: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-amazon.
[30] Leslie M.Laser ignition breakthrough—and more startups—brighten outlook for nuclear fusion. Engineering 2024;45:9-11.