面向6G的非地面组网——演进、机遇与未来方向
Non-Terrestrial Networking for 6G: Evolution, Opportunities, and Future Directions
从第五代移动通信(5G)技术开始,非地面网络(NTN)已成为未来网络架构中的关键组成部分。尤其是随着低轨(LEO)卫星的兴起,NTN使空间互联网成为可能,并在为地球上最偏远地区提供可靠服务方面带来了范式转变。然而,卫星的大范围覆盖以及高速运动也给用户设备接入和星间传输带来了独特挑战,进而影响了服务质量与服务连续性。本文在第六代移动通信(6G)网络演进背景下,对当前NTN组网技术进行了深入调研,重点关注接入调控、卫星移动性管理以及异构网络服务切片等技术。在此基础上,结合NTN发展的最新趋势,本文进一步从卫星波束赋形、切换机制以及服务保障等方面提出新的研究视角。最后,本文总结了若干NTN关键开放研究问题,并提出未来NTN组网的研究方向,加速卫星互联网的落地部署。
From fifth-generation (5G) communication technology onward, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) have emerged as a key component of future network architectures. Especially through the rise of low-Earth-orbit satellite constellations, NTNs enable a space Internet and present a paradigm shift in delivering reliable services to even the most remote regions on Earth. However, the extensive coverage and rapid movement of satellites pose unique challenges in user equipment access and inter-satellite transmission, impacting the quality of service and service continuity. This paper offers an in-depth review of NTN networking technologies in the context of six-generation (6G) mobile networks evolution, focusing on access management, satellite mobility, and hetero-network slicing. Building on this foundation and considering the latest trends in NTN development, we then present innovative perspectives on emerging challenges, including satellite beamforming, handover mechanisms, and service delivery. Lastly, we identify key open research areas and propose future directions to improve NTN performance and accelerate satellite Internet deployment.
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