大规模卫星星座（Satellite Mega-Constellations, SMCs）在运行过程中面临复杂多样的空间环境效应挑战。尽管已有研究从物理器件角度面对部分空间环境效应的作用机制进行了分析，但其对星座网络性能的具体影响仍缺乏系统性刻画。为此，本文系统研究了太阳辐射、电离辐射及空间碎片等典型空间环境效应的时空分布特征及其在星座节点与链路中引发的失效机制，并进一步分析了太阳辐射与单粒子效应对星座系统性能，尤其是网络吞吐量容量的影响规律。结果表明，在空间环境作用下，SMC系统的吞吐量容量退化程度随轨道高度与倾角等星座参数呈显著变化。本研究有效填补了空间环境效应与网络层建模之间的研究空白，首次在网络层面对空间环境所产生的影响进行了量化分析。最后，本文展望了未来在星座拓扑控制、体系结构优化与路由策略设计等方向的研究潜力，为应对空间环境引发的网络性能损伤问题提供了理论支撑。

Satellite mega-constellations (SMCs) encounter significant operational challenges due to various space environmental effects. While the mechanisms underlying some of these effects have been studied from a physical perspective, their precise impact on the network performance of SMCs remains unclear. To elucidate this further, this study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of space environmental effects, such as solar radiation, ionizing radiation, and space debris, and the associated failure mechanisms in the nodes and links of SMCs. In addition, the impacts of solar radiation and single-event effects on performance of SMC system, particularly network throughput capacity, are examined. Results reveal that under the effect of the space environment, the throughput capacity degradation of SMC system varies with different parameters such as orbital altitude and inclination. Most importantly, the results bridge the gap between the physical phenomena of space environmental effects and network-level modeling. Finally, future research directions are prospected, regarding network topology control, constellation architecture, network routing techniques, and so on, to help mitigate network performance degradation due to space environmental effects.