化硅铝酸钙（C-(A)-S-H）的力学性能是水泥与混凝土领域的重要研究范围。本论文首先总结了C-(A)-S-H在颗粒尺度和亚颗粒尺度上的结构模型。在此基础上，重点阐述了利用高压X射线衍射表征C-(A)-S-H本征力学性能的研究进展，并分析了化学组成和微观结构对其本征力学性能的影响。已有研究表明，提高Ca/Si比以及Al的引入均可增强C-(A)-S-H的本征力学性能。进一步地，高压拉曼光谱及同步辐射等先进表征技术被用于揭示C-(A)-S-H层内滑移和晶粒内部择优取向的起源，从而深化了对其徐变基本机制的认识。与层内滑移相比，水泥基材料中晶粒内部的择优取向对C-(A)-S-H徐变具有更为显著的贡献，并建立了纳米尺度变形机制与宏观徐变行为之间的直接联系。基于上述认识，本文进一步总结了若干自下而上的C-(A)-S-H强韧化策略，为从纳米尺度调控水泥基材料的力学性能提供了理论基础与设计思路。

The mechanical properties of calcium (alumino) silicate hydrates (C-(A)-S-H) represent a critical focus within the cement and concrete industry. This review begins by summarizing particle- and subparticle-scale models of C-(A)-S-H. Building on these models, the effects of chemical composition and microstructure on the intrinsic mechanical properties of C-(A)-S-H, as determined by high-pressure X-ray diffraction, are described. Existing studies have demonstrated that increasing the Ca/Si ratio and Al incorporation enhances the intrinsic mechanical properties of C-(A)-S-H. Advanced techniques, such as high-pressure Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation-based techniques, have been employed to elucidate the origins of intralayer sliding and preferred intragranular orientation, offering insights into the fundamental mechanisms of creep. Compared with intralayer sliding, the preferred intragranular orientation of cement-based materials significantly contributes to creep in C-(A)-S-H, establishing a direct link to macroscopic creep behavior. Based on these findings, this review summarizes several “bottom-up” strategies for strengthening and toughening C-(A)-S-H.