通过转基因或基因编辑技术，人们预期能够改良工程化动物的生长、抗病性和脂肪酸含量等生产性状。然而，这种预期是否在不同类群的动物中普遍成立，目前尚不明确。本研究对涵盖72个物种、55个基因的154篇研究论文进行了荟萃分析，旨在量化并比较转基因技术与基因编辑技术对动物生产性状的影响效果。尽管转基因技术的应用更为普遍，但基因编辑技术表现出更为显著和广泛的效果，尤其是在生长和抗病性状方面。这体现在更大的效应量和更广泛的性状响应影响上。然而，我们观察到性状改良的模式存在类群和参数特异性差异。例如，转基因能够降低鸡和牛的病原体载量，但对猪无效；相反，基编辑技术能够降低猪体内的病毒RNA水平，但在鸡和牛中效果欠佳。与之形成对比的是，转基因和基因编辑技术均能显著提高辐鳍鱼类的生长速率。值得注意的是，尽管在子一代(F1)中，转基因或编辑后的基因仍能保持高表达或抑制状态，但与亲本相比，性状改良的程度有所减弱。本研究提供了基于证据的见解，以协助研究人员优化其方法、指导未来关于基因工程动物性状改良的研究，同时为政策制定提供参考。

Production traits such as growth, disease resistance, and fatty acid content in engineered animals are anticipated to be enhanced via transgenesis (TG) or genome editing (GE). It is, however, unclear whether this expectation is upheld when making global comparisons across taxa. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 154 research papers covering 72 species and 55 genes, with the aim of quantifying and comparing the effects of TG and GE on animal production traits through overexpressing or disrupting key genes. Although TG is more commonly used for trait enhancement, GE has more pronounced and widespread effects, particularly on growth and disease resistance traits. This is reflected in larger effect sizes and broader impacts across trait responses. Yet, we observe differences in patterns of trait enhancement that are specific to taxon and parameter. For instance, TG reduces pathogen load in chickens and cattle, but not in pigs; conversely, GE lowers virus RNA levels in pigs, but is less successful in chickens and cattle. In contrast, both TG and GE significantly increase growth rates in ray-finned fish. It is notable that, although transgenes or edited genes remain highly expressed or repressed in Filial 1 (F₁) offspring, the magnitude of trait improvement is diminished compared to the founder generations. This study provides evidence-based insights to assist researchers in refining their methods and directing future investigations into trait enhancement in genetically engineered animals, while also informing policymaking.