以新发展的光学多模成像、契伦科夫荧光成像和光学影像手术导航技术为代表的光学分子影像前沿技术，开辟了肿瘤研究、临床转化和医疗实践的新前沿领域。相对于传统成像技术，新技术在活体肿瘤成像上可以提供前所未有的灵敏度和精准度。活体肿瘤细胞和分子行为与事件的可视化正在系统地促进人们对肿瘤的深度理解。这些成像技术的新进展正被快速应用于肿瘤诊疗，如对不同肿瘤之间分子异质性信息的动态和量化获取， 以及通过实时成像辅助实现更有效的治疗性干预。在分子影像的时代中，光学技术为促进高灵敏度肿瘤诊断和个体化治疗的发展带来了巨大的希望，而这些正是精准医学的终极目标之一。

Cutting-edge technologies in optical molecular imaging have ushered in new frontiers in cancer research, clinical translation, and medical practice, as evidenced by recent advances in optical multimodality imaging, Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI), and optical image-guided surgeries. New abilities allow in vivo cancer imaging with sensitivity and accuracy that are unprecedented in conventional imaging approaches. The visualization of cellular and molecular behaviors and events within tumors in living subjects is improving our deeper understanding of tumors at a systems level. These advances are being rapidly used to acquire tumor-to-tumor molecular heterogeneity, both dynamically and quantitatively, as well as to achieve more effective therapeutic interventions with the assistance of real-time imaging. In the era of molecular imaging, optical technologies hold great promise to facilitate the development of highly sensitive cancer diagnoses as well as personalized patient treatment—one of the ultimate goals of precision medicine.